PALIMPSEST / ПАЛИМПСЕСТ

FOREWORD

2024-01-13T17:15:41+00:00

This issue contains scientific, professional papers and reviews written in a wide range of European languages, which introduces the authors and their work to the reader. The credit belongs to researchers and writers encompassing eight countries: Rossella Montibeler and Dejan Malčić from Bosnia and Herzegovina; Sevda Kaman, Şeyma Ebru Koca, Nur Kılıçaslan, Muhammed Durmaz and Turgay Kabak from Turkey; Jonida Cungu, Teuta Toska, Marsela Likaj and Ema Kristo from Albania; Danijela Kostadinović from the Republic of Serbia; Mihrije Maloku-Morina, Mirvan Xhemaili and Hysen Kasumi from Kosovo; Tatjana Vukelić from The Republic of Croatia; François Schmitt from The Slovac Republic; Andrea Frydrychová from The Czech Republic; Blerta Ceka, Gëzim Xhaferri, Biljana Ivanovska, Marija Stojanoska, Violeta Janusheva, Igor Stanojoski, Marija Gjorgjieva-Dimova, Sunchica Trifunovska Janikj, Petar Namichev, Ekaterina Namicheva-Todorovska, Anastazija Kirkova-Naskova, Ivana Duckinoska-Mihajlovska, Vesna Mojsova Chepishevska, Biljana Rajčinova-Nikolova, Ivan Antonovski and Lidija Kamceva Panova from Macedonia.

ITALIAN NEWSPAPERS AND COVID-19: THE PANDEMIC’S IMPACT ON THE LANGUAGE

2024-01-14T03:55:20+00:00

This text aims to highlight the changes that have occurred within the Italian language during the COVID-19 pandemic. To do so, we will mention some headlines from articles published in major Italian newspapers such as Corriere della Sera, la Repubblica, and Il Messaggero. The article is essentially composed of three parts: the first part elaborates on one of the major linguistic debates that arose during the pandemic period, namely the one related to the gender of the word COVID-19; the second part shows how the meaning of the term positive has changed; while the third part focuses on the technicalities and foreign words that have become part of our new daily reality following the emergence of the coronavirus.

Keywords: COVID-19; Italian language; Corriere della Sera; la Repubblica; Il Messaggero.

STUDENT SLANG AND THE CHANGE İN STUDENT SLANG FROM THE EİGHTİES TO THE PRESENT

2024-01-14T03:56:31+00:00

Each new generation has a different perspective on culture, language and slang, which is a field that witnesses social change and constantly renews and expands itself. The most similar aspect of slang and youth language is that they are in a state of rapid change. In this study, it is aimed to determine the generational difference in student slang and the change in student slang from the eighties to the present day by scanning slang dictionaries and conducting a survey. In the first part of the study, it was determined whether the 89 words and idioms that meet student slang, which were determined based on the sixth edition of Ferit Develioğlu's dictionary titled Türk Argosu (İnceleme ve Sözlük) in 1980, were included in the thirteenth edition of Hulki Aktunç's Büyük Argo Sözlüğü (Tanıklarıyla) in 2020. In the second part of the study, the validity of these words and phrases was analyzed through a questionnaire applied to university students. This study provides data on the extent to which variables such as gender, age, family income and education level affect the use of slang, the area of use of slang and in which situations it is preferred, students' perception of swearing-slang, and the determining role of time in slang.

Keywords: slang; student slang; slang dictionaries; survey.

PREPOSITIONS FROM A SEMANTIC POINT OF VIEW

2024-01-14T03:57:29+00:00

The semantic nature of the word is a core issue constantly addressed in semantics. Prepositions are lexical items that are believed to exhibit more polysemy than monosemy due to the grammatical dependency relations and semantic relations they reflect in different contexts. Opinions on the semantic nature of prepositions have triggered the study of polysemy and monosemy of prepositions as reflected in monolingual dictionaries. This paper aims to reflect a statistical analysis of polysemic and monosemic prepositions, as well as to discuss on the semantic relations of prepositions. The "Dictionary of the Albanian Language" 2006, has been used to collect and research material and data. Statistically, derived prepositions formed by conversion (composition or affixation) tend to exhibit weaker semantics than the first prepositions, which have a higher density of different semantic meanings. As a result, the semantic structures of the first prepositions show pronounced polysemy. We will argue that prepositions reflected in the explanatory dictionary as a lexical item, where one meaning belongs to the use as an adverb and another meaning belongs to the meaning as a preposition, show doubtful polysemy and can be categorized more as polyfunctional aspects of prepositions. They refer to the basic meaning, which is also responsible for the kind of relationships that prepositions establish in different contexts.

Keywords: prepositions; polysemy; monosemy; meaning; semantic.

THE SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ANGLICISMS IN GERMAN YOUTH LANGUAGE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN 'DER STANDARDAND' AND 'COOL MAGAZIN'

2024-01-14T03:59:06+00:00

This paper explores the influence of English loanwords on the German language, especially in the context of youth communication, and the profound impact of anglicisms on linguistic and cultural dynamics. By examining the appropriation, usage patterns, and attitudes of German-speaking youth toward these borrowings, this thesis aims to shed light on how anglicisms shape social interactions and contribute to the identity construction of young Germans. Using a multidimensional approach, this paper analyses the linguistic characteristics of anglicisms, examines their prevalence and the contexts of their use by German adolescents, and explores the motivations for their inclusion in everyday language. By combining theoretical approaches from sociolinguistics, language contact, and youth language research, this study contributes to the ongoing academic discourse on the social meaning of anglicisms in German youth language. To support the findings and conclusions of this paper, an empirical analysis was conducted comparing two magazines with different target audiences. In this comparative study, the frequency and use of anglicisms in both papers were investigated and analysed. The goal was to find out which newspaper used greater amount of anglicisms in order to determine the different degree of anglicization of the language depending on the target audience. Through this comparative approach, valuable insights into the prevalence and influence of anglicisms in different contexts were gained, providing a solid basis for conclusions regarding their use and meaning.

Keywords: anglicism; youth language; sociolinguistic; sociolect.

THE COMPLEX VERB FORMS IN THE HEADLINES OF THE MACEDONIAN ELECTRONIC MEDIA

2024-01-14T04:00:05+00:00

This paper examines the complex verb forms usage and distribution in the headlines of the electronic mediums’ articles, in order to see the similarities and the differences with the headlines in the previous research. The sample consists of 100 randomly chosen headlines on the web site time.mk, and data analysis and reaching conclusion rest upon the general inductive method. The research results confirm that the most used complex verb forms are the possible mode, past indefinite tense 3 person singular, future tense and constructions with be. The findings showcase that the future in the past is used rarely, and that the past perfect and future perfect tense are not used at all. Accordingly, besides their own features, the headlines in the Macedonian media have similarities with the headlines in the English language media.

Keywords: complex verb forms; headlines; Macedonian language.

PAST TENSES IN THE MACEDONIAN TRANSLATION OF THE NOVEL “BLIND MAP” BY ALENA MORNŠTAJNOVÁ

2024-01-14T04:01:16+00:00

It is known that the translator of literary works to Macedonian language does not dispose of Grammar markers of evidentiality, hence he/she needs to be cautious in the selection of the correct tense for translation. The novel “Blind map” is an exceptionally interesting example, since we faced a whole specter of influences when selecting past tenses in its translation, therefore, the choice of tense was not entirely dependent on the context and the chronology of events in the novel, but on the acts of narration of the well-known Czech writer as well.

Keywords: translation; evidentiality; aorist; imperfect; perfect; Mornštajnová.

THE APOSTROPHE IN KOCHO RACIN’S LYRIC

2024-01-14T04:02:59+00:00

In Jonathan Culler’s theoretical descriptions of lyric, the apostrophe is seen as an essential and endemic feature through which some of the constitutive features of this genre are manifested. Starting from these theoretical premises, the purpose of the article is to interpret the apostrophe in Kocho Racin's poetry collection White Dawns. The interpretive focus is placed on two levels: first, on the role of the apostrophe as a mechanism through which the "intratextual communicativeness" (Yuri Levin) is articulated in the poem; secondly, on the function of the apostrophe in the creation of “egotive-appellative “(Yuri Levin) lyrical models in Racine's poetry.

Keywords: apostrophe; lyric; intratextual communicativeness; Racin.

COSMOGONIC AND APOCALYPTIC VISION OF THE WORLD IN THE PROSE OF ŽIVKO ČINGO

2024-01-14T04:03:58+00:00

The fiction of Živko Čingo, Macedonian writer created in the spirit of magic realism, is based on the mythical and magical core generating myth about the Holy Land Paskvelia, which has been destroyed due to the frequent mistakes of its inhabitants and transformed into Pustelia (Wasteland). The structure of the fictional world in this novel is based on the connection between the traditional, patriarchal, religious, and the new socialist, communist atheistic world, on the mutual interaction of Chaos and Cosmos, of good and evil, ultimately leading to the "last times" and an apocalyptic end. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to determine, using the literary-historical, analytical, anthropological and comparative method, as well as the artistic means through which the narrative of cosmogony and apocalypse is achieved in Čingo's narrative prose.

Keywords: Živko Čingo; tradition; magical realism; cosmogonic myths; the Apocalypse.

SISTER CARRIE: TRAITS OF DREISER’S SELF-IDENTIFICATION

2024-01-14T04:05:00+00:00

This research paper aims to analyse Theodore Dreiser’s novel Sister Carrie and its depiction of American life, social problems and the harmful impact of material success on individual values. The study uses a qualitative research method that involves a close reading of the novel, as well as an examination of Dreiser’s biographical and critical sources. The most significant findings suggest that Dreiser’s novel portrays the loss of spiritual values, wisdom, wit and nobility of heart as a consequence of the pursuit of material success. Moreover, the study reveals that Dreiser’s style is characterized by logical integrity, subtle contrasts, beautiful detail descriptions, timing, diversified rhythm and digression. Dreiser’s symbols provide insights into the true essence of social phenomena, demonstrating his profound knowledge of society. Ultimately, Sister Carrie serves as a powerful document that sheds light on the “amorality” of the American way of life, which incited a denigrating campaign against Dreiser by critics. The research concludes that the novel highlights the dangers of the American dream and the importance of preserving spiritual values amidst the pursuit of material success. This study’s findings suggest that Sister Carrie remains relevant to contemporary society, as it continues to raise questions about the American Dream and its impact on individuals and society.

Keywords: American life, American dream, material success, spiritual values, impact.

İMDAT SANCAR AND BAYBURT SAĞDIÇ (BEST MAN’S) WEDDİNGS AS CULTURAL HERİTAGE

2024-01-14T04:06:39+00:00

Bayburt, geographically located on the historical Silk Road that connects the Eastern Black Sea region with the Northeastern Anatolia region, is one of the ancient cities in the region. Throughout history, due to its location on the trade route, this city has been continuously inhabited, and it possesses a rich and deep cultural heritage. This cultural heritage, although constantly evolving in today’s digital world with rapid advancements in transportation and communication, has been largely preserved and passed down to the present day. In this regard, one of the most special cities in our country, Bayburt, has greatly benefited from individuals who both understand and actively preserve its culture. One of these individuals is İmdat Sancar. İmdat Sancar is one of the rare individuals who fit UNESCO’s definition of “culture bearers” with his knowledge of traditional folk songs, the songs he has composed, his participation in folk music events, and the traditional “sağdıç düğünü” (best man’s wedding) ceremonies he organizes. His special quality lies not only in his knowledge of the culture but also in his ability to actively practice and pass it on to others. The subject of this study is the traditional “sağdıç düğünü” (best man’s wedding) ceremonies known by İmdat Sancar. These ceremonies are actually categorized as village performance plays, falling within the realm of theatrical performances. These plays were collected from İmdat Sancar himself using interview methods and were analyzed from the perspective of Functional Theory. Content analysis was also conducted. As a result of the examination, it was determined that these plays serve various functions within the community and encompass a wealth of traditional knowledge and practices that are integral to people’s daily lives.

Keywords: Bayburt; best man’s wedding; theatrical village play; culture bearer.

LOLITA – FROM AN ICON TO A COVER GIRL

2024-01-14T04:10:43+00:00

Lolita is one of the rare narrative works that divides the readers globally, and literary critics. It is a novel about which there are numerous conflicting and divided opinions. Some consider it a masterpiece of Russian-American literature, while the others perceive it as a controversial, amoral, and erotic reading not worthy of holding the title of a world literary classic. Lolita directly addresses the readers, encouraging them to reflect on their own ethical and moral life attitudes and their relationship to the world. Lolita is not an erotic or pornographic novel, but a narrative story about awareness and challenges, the psychological dimension of a man to develop empathy, curiosity, kindness, and excitement. The fantastic linguistic discourse of the novel, regardless of whether in Russian of English, places this novel in the context of the greatest literary achievements in the history.

Keywords: American literature; Russian literature; an icon; multiculturalism, postmodern literature.

POSTMODERNISM IN THE CINEMA OF DARIO ARGENTO AND BRIAN DE PALMA

2024-01-14T04:11:50+00:00

Italian filmmaker Dario Argento and his American counterpart Brian De Palma have both made splendid and illustrious careers as movie directors, constantly flirting with postmodernist notions such as intertextuality and (self-)referentiality, while blurring the lines between high and popular art and culture. Their body of work, independently of qualitative level of individual movies, is always marked by innovation and prone to experimentation. By analyzing four of their essential movies made in the Seventies and Eighties (The Bird with the Crystal Plumage and Opera, and Phantom of the Paradise and Dressed to Kill), we have tried to determine just what is it that makes them similar, and to see how unique their approach to postmodernism is, but also to examine their relationship to the nature of cinema itself. The chosen movies are unique not just within their own body of work, but within the frames of the world cinema itself. Drawing inspiration from the masters of the past, but also pointing towards the always more complex and postmodern trends, Argento's and De Palma's movies have created, thanks to their wit, intelligence and self-awareness, their own canon, whose repercussions are felt and seen even to this day.

Keywords: Italian cinema; American cinema; postmodernism; Argento; De Palma; Hitchcock; homage.

THE RUSSIAN ARCHITECTS OF SKOPJE IN THE PERIOD BETWEEN THE TWO WORLD WARS

2024-01-14T04:14:40+00:00

In the years after the First World War, after 1918, in the newly formed Kingdom of SHS, the need to rebuild the destroyed buildings in the cities was necessary. In the production of the residential architecture of Skopje in the period from 1922-1941 architects and engineers, emigrants from Russia, during 1919-1921 left a special mark while settling in Skopje: Ivan Artemushkin, Boris Dutov, Evgenij Datskov; Vyacheslav Bujko, Efraim Bronstein, Nikolai Burhanovski, Konstantin V. Khomenko... A few Russian architects who, through temporary work in the municipal services of the technical department, acquired a good reputation, but also some initial financial capital, already from the mid-1920s opened independent technical bureaus (Vyecheslav Bujko; Boris Dutov – technical bureau "Vardar" (1921-22); Konstantin Khomenko - technical bureau "Kultura" (1923). The entire production of all these architects and engineers, which essentially formed the central city core of Skopje, was for the most part permanently destroyed by the earthquake of 1963. This paper reviews the architects and engineers, emigrants from Russia, who settled in Skopje during the period 1919-1921.

Keywords: residential architecture; Russian architects; architectural office; Skopje.

INTERCULTURAL OR CO-CULTURAL APPROACH TO OTHERNESS IN THE COMMON EUROPEAN FRAMEWORK OF REFERENCE FOR LANGUAGES AND ITS COMPLEMENTARY WORKS?

2024-01-14T04:15:37+00:00

Language didactics conceives the relationship to otherness according to two approaches. The first one, the intercultural approach, inherited from the communicative approach, tackles otherness through intercultural encounter. The second one, the co-cultural approach theorized by Christian Puren, corresponds to the didactic conceptions of the action-oriented approach of the foreign languages teaching based on acting with others. Through their conceptions of language-cultures and languages teaching/learning, the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (2001) and the later complementary works appear as promoters of the action-oriented approach of foreign languages didactics. However, an analysis of their conceptions of relationships to otherness shows that these works mainly stick to an intercultural approach to otherness. Only the Companion Volume (2018) of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages marginally opens to a co-cultural approach to the relationship to otherness. The intercultural conception of the Council of Europe's language policy disseminated in its main texts therefore seems out of step with Christian Puren's model, which bases the action-oriented approach of language teaching on a co-cultural conception of the relationship to otherness based on the principle of negotiated culture by the interactants.

Keywords: action-oriented approach; co-cultural; Common European Framework of Reference for Languages; intercultural; otherness; Puren.

EXPLICIT INSTRUCTION OF PRONUNCIATION LEARNING STRATEGIES AND WORD-STRESS RULES: EXAMINING LEARNERS’ REFLECTIONS FROM DIARY ENTRIES

2024-01-14T04:17:04+00:00

Pronunciation learning strategies (PLSs) have attracted researchers’ attention with their potential for achieving pronunciation improvement (e.g., Pawlak & Szyszka, 2018). Studies aimed to identify suitable PLSs for learners (Peterson, 2000) and to explore strategy use with different pronunciation features among learners with different L1s (Sardegna, 2022). The present study focuses on investigating types of strategies used for accurate word stress placement. Twenty Macedonian EFL learners were part of a larger experiment that tested the effectiveness of explicit instruction on four orthographic word-stress rules. During a four week-period, the participants were taught how to identify stress in polysyllabic words, received instruction on PLSs for practice based on Dickerson’s Covert Rehearsal Model (CRM) (Dickerson, 2013), and kept a diary where they recorded their strategy use. The qualitative analysis of the results reveals that most of the participants use prediction and production strategies and turn to online resources and speech models for monitoring their performance.

Keywords: pronunciation learning strategies (PLSs); word-stress rules; Covert Rehearsal Model (CRM); learner diaries.

TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THE IMPORTANCE OF LINGUISTICS IN THE TEACHING OF SPEAKING SKILLS IN EFL – A CASE STUDY IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA

2024-01-14T04:18:08+00:00

This study investigates the perceptions of high school EFL teachers in the Republic of North Macedonia regarding the role of linguistics in teaching spoken English. Employing an educational-linguistic framework, the study focuses on elucidating teachers' beliefs concerning the nexus between linguistics and the instruction of spoken English as a foreign language. Utilizing a quantitative approach, data were gathered through a questionnaire. The findings underscore a significant connection between linguistics and the teaching of speaking skills in English as a foreign language. Notably, teachers recognize the pivotal importance of grammar and vocabulary in the teaching of speaking skills. The study discusses the implications of these findings for English language teaching.

Keywords: spoken English; linguistics; grammar; vocabulary; teacher beliefs; English language teaching.

PRAGMATIC PHRASEMES IN SELECTED GFL TEXTBOOKS FOR THE LEVEL A1

2024-01-14T04:19:02+00:00

This article deals with pragmatic phrasemes with regard to GFL lessons. The basis of the practical part is an analysis of two selected textbooks for GFL lessons. These are the textbooks Deutsch mit Max neu + interaktiv A1 and Direkt interaktiv 1, which are used at Czech schools for level A1. The analysis, which focuses on the occurrence and use of greetings and farewells, shows that pragmatic phrasemes are an integral part of the GFL lessons.

Keywords: Pragmatic phrasemes; greeting; farewell; GFL textbook; GFL lessons in the Czech Republic.

TRANSMISSION OF LITERARY TEXTS IN BOOKS AND METHODS FOR FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING (THE CASE OF THE GERMAN LANGUAGE)

2024-01-14T04:19:55+00:00

The use of literary texts is an essential tool in teaching a foreign language as it offers opportunities to expand students' knowledge of the language, culture, and history of different countries. Learning a foreign language goes beyond merely understanding its vocabulary and syntax; it also involves engaging with the foreign culture. This approach sensitizes individuals to both their own culture and the foreign culture. Literary texts are an integral part of foreign language learning. They are not only helpful but also necessary; therefore, literary texts should be consistently present in foreign language lessons. However, it is observed that these texts have been neglected in the teaching of foreign languages, despite teachers having access to a wide variety of literary genres and works that can and should be included in the instruction and learning of the foreign language. The use of literary texts in teaching foreign languages poses a challenge for both teachers and learners. The questions that arise pertain to what to read, how to read, and to what extent reading aids in cultivating language, communicative, socio-pragmatic, and encyclopedic competencies. In this context, our work aims to address several problematic questions related to the teaching, acquisition, and use of the German language. Some of these questions include the following: What role and function does literature play in teaching a foreign language? How are literary texts integrated into German language textbooks/methods? What types of exercises are offered in relation to literary texts?

Keywords: German as a foreign language; language competence; intercultural competence; literary texts; literary didactics.

SHOPOV, THROUGHOUT HIS ENTIRE LIFE, HAS STANDED FOR MACEDONIA TO RADIATE IN THE CULTURAL MOSAIC OF THE WORLD

2024-01-14T04:20:51+00:00

The book “On the other side of the Not-Being: conversations with Svetlana Shopova about Aco Shopov” by Ivan Antonovski has a vision of that weaving that Blazhe Koneski insists on in his “Embroidery”. This book is built through a “simple and strict” dialogue, a “simple and strict” conversation, as Antonovski himself writes in the preface, “between times – that of Shopov and today” and “between generations”. And that means that the author had to thoroughly clean Shopov and thus master that complexity and then elevate it, transform it into a simple conversation. Because only in that way could he be a (somewhat) equal interlocutor to Shopova. The paper attempts to clear this literary conversation between Antonovski and Shopova through the several modalities of memory (witness, memory, souvenir, monument and museum).

Keywords: literary conversation; “simple and strict” dialogue; philosophy of memory; modalities of memory.

A REAL GUIDELINE FOR THE CRITICAL SKILLS OF THE MACEDONIAN INTELLIGENCE IN THE 19TH CENTURY

2024-01-14T04:21:37+00:00

It is already becoming a general fact in science that there is a lack of empirical study of the development of Macedonian literary criticism and critical thought in the 19th century. Slavco Koviloski will try to fill that gap by illuminating and communicating more than fifty authors and over one hundred and fifty critical achievements through his book Macedonian Literary Criticism in the XIX Century, showing the continuity and „the existence of Macedonian literary criticism in the 19th century, as a way of interpreting, studying and evaluating literary works" (Koviloski, 2022: 37).

Keywords: Macedonian literary criticism; critical thought; Slavčo Koviloski; periods; phases; typology; 19th century.

DISCLOSURE ON POETRY AND THE OPINION OF ANTE POPOVSKI WITH NEW READINGS

2024-01-14T04:22:25+00:00

The paper is a critical review of the collection of papers "Antevo delo" (Skopje: Kalamus, 2022), in which the papers from the international scientific symposium held in September 2021, within the international poetic-cultural manifestation "Ante Popovski – Antevo Pero" were published, on the occasion of the 90th anniversary of the birth of academician Ante Popovski. By referring to individual texts from the collection, the paper apostrophizes questions about further understanding and interpretation of the work of the great Macedonian author, Ante Popovski, establishing syntheses between the latest scientific insights and segments of Popovski's work, going beyond the field of poetry. In the collection, the paper identifies a starting point for further thorough references to the work of Ante Popovski, indicating the need for a comprehensive evaluation of the work of this prominent Macedonian author of the 20th century.

Keywords: Ante Popovski; collection; “Antevo Pero”; Macedonia; symposium.

“INTRODUCTION TO DISCOURSE ANALYSIS” – PERSPECTIVES AND CHALLENGES

2024-01-14T04:23:18+00:00

The aim of this textbook is to provide a general introduction to the study of discourse analysis. The authors assume that students and other interested readers have only encountered this discipline superficially and are more confused than aware of its field of interest, topics, and methods. Currently, discourse analysis is highly popular and widespread on all continents and among followers of various scientific disciplines. Research in the rapidly growing and evolving field of discourse analysis stems from numerous academic disciplines that are different from one another. This includes, of course, the disciplines in which the models for understanding and methods of discourse analysis were initially developed, such as linguistics and anthropology. However, it also encompasses disciplines that have applied and extended such models and methods to problems within their academic domains, such as communication, cognitive psychology, social psychology, philosophy, literary criticism, and artificial intelligence.

Keywords: аnalysis of discourse; pragmatics; units of discourse analysis; intertextuality.