Geologica Macedonica

Undercover

Goran Tasev — 2025-06-12

Impressum

Goran Tasev — 2025-06-12

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

Goran Tasev — 2025-06-12

CARBON AND OXYGEN ISOTOPE SIGNATURE OF HYDROTHERMAL MINERAL DEPOSITS IN A POST-COLLISIONAL MAGMATIC-HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM: A REVIEW FROM NORTH MACEDONIA

Sabina Strmić Palinkaš — 2025-06-12

The subaerial magmatic-hydrothermal system exposed on the territory of Republic of North Macedonia represents a natural laboratory for studies of ore-forming processes associated with post-collisional magmatism. In this part of the Balkan Peninsula, neotectonics uplifted and exposed Tertiary post-collisional mineral deposits formed at different crustal levels, including deeply sitting porphyry Cu deposits, proximal and distal skarn deposits, and Carlin-like deposits. Locally epithermal deposits are also preserved. This paper summarizes and discusses previously published carbon and oxygen isotope data obtained from gangue carbonates collected from the key deposits in North Macedonia.

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THALLIUM IN THE SOILS OF NORTH MACEDONIA

Trajče Stafilov — 2025-06-12

The aim of the study was to determine the spatial distribution and assessment of thallium contam- ination in the soils of North Macedonia. Topsoil samples (0–30 cm) were collected from 995 locations throughout the country in a grid of 5×5 km between sampling points. The soil samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) using the total digestion method. The distribution of thallium in the soils according to the eight statistical regions of the country is discussed, as well as the distribution based on the 15 most common geological formations and the distribution based on 13 pedological units. The thallium content varied in Macedonian soils from <0.05 to 15.5 mg/kg (median 0.70 mg/kg), which corresponds to the total Tl content for the European soils with a range of 0.01 to 21.3 mg/kg and a median of 0.66 mg/kg. The spatial distribution patterns of Tl in the collected soil samples are mainly determined by the geology (parent material and mineralization). In some areas, the natural anomaly pattern is overlaid by anthropogenic emissions from past and present mining, ore processing and associated metal industries.

COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY FOR IRRIGATION IN THE KARST AREA OF THE RIVER BASIN OF SLATINSKA REKA

Biljana Gičevski — 2025-06-12

This study used available hydrochemistry data to determine the suitability of water bodies in the lower karst area in the river basin of Slatinska Reka for irrigation. Surface rivers Krušeska Reka, Markoska Reka (two points), and Slatinska Reka, as well as the springs Slatinski Izvor and Solenica, were observed between December 2011 and November 2013, and water samples were taken from each point. Irrigation quality parameters, such as Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium Percentage (Na%), Magnesium Adsorption Ratio (MAR), Kelly Ratio (KR), and Total Hardness (TH), were analyzed for suitability for irrigation. All analyzed parameters pointed out that surface rivers and the karst spring Slatinski Izvor were suitable for irrigation, whereas most of the water samples taken from the Solenica spring were not suitable for irrigation purposes. Also, the Solenica spring downstream of Markoska Reka influenced the irrigation properties of the river water, especially during the low waters. The process of karstification had a significant impact on the chemical composition of the water in the basin.

ARSENIC, HEAVY METALS AND RARE EARTH ELEMENTS IN TRAVERTINE LIMESTONE QUARRY IN THE MARIOVO AREA, NORTH MACEDONIA

Ivan Boev — 2025-06-12

Travertines in the Mariovo area are an extremely important raw material for obtaining architectural and decorative stone used in construction. In this region, there are six locations where travertine is exploited and this paper presents the results obtained from the mineralogical and geochemical tests of samples taken from the Mariovo travertines. The tests performed show that these are relatively young sedimentary rocks that are basically made of calcite, and in which the concentration of arsenic and heavy metals is extremely low. This finding supports the further use of these rocks as architectural and decorative stone.

ANALYSIS OF DISCRETIZATION ERRORS IN MICROTREMOR MEASUREMENTS

Mirjana Kocaleva Vitanova — 2025-06-12

This study investigates the effects of discretization errors on the analysis of microtremor vibrations measured in a building located in Berovo, using the EQR120 accelerometer. The primary focus is on the impact of discretization on Fourier spectral amplitudes and the accuracy of frequency domain analysis. The results show that with increasing recording time (T), there are more pronounced peaks in the Fourier spectrum, especially for higher frequencies. Despite variations in discrete levels of acceleration, the frequency domain response of the instrument remains nearly constant over a wide range of frequencies, resembling white noise. The study highlights that microtremor amplitudes are generally small, and significant variations in spectral amplitudes were not observed over time in a 24 hour measurement period. The findings suggest that external excitation with larger forces is needed to observe spectral peaks, particularly in the ground floor movements. The analysis provides valuable insights into the behavior of microtremors in built environments and emphasizes the challenges of capturing small-scale vibrations in densely populated areas.

GEOHAZARD PHENOMENON INDUCED BY SALT EXPLOITATION AND APPLIED NEW METHODS FOR MONITORING GROUND SURFACE MOVEMENTS

Bojana Grujić — 2025-06-12

The subsidence occurring in the city of Tuzla in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) is an important issue which has caused several damages in the past decades. This phenomenon is related to the massive extraction of salt and the presence of salt caverns below the city. The salt mine was closed between 2006 and 2007 by means of filling the salt mine rooms with water, but the subsidence still continues over some parts of the city. This paper presents geohazard phenomenon caused by the exploitation of the salt mine in Tuzla, as well as the interpretation of the
monitoring results of subsidence measured by new satellite technology together with the previous results, i.e., 2004 – 2007 by GPS, 2013 – 2024 by GPS, 2014 – 2019 by DInSAR technology, and 2019 – 2024 by DInSAR from authors. The time transition for the subsidence obtained by DInSAR shows a good agreement with the monitoring results by GPS. It is found that the subsidence in Tuzla is still on-going at a rate of 1 – 2 cm/year in the measured points of salt deposit, while point number 16 and its surroundings currently have greater subsidence compared to the remaining part of the Tuzla salt deposit. This paper concludes that DInSAR technology has proven to be an excellent method for monitoring the subsidence of the terrain at the city of Tuzla and would represent an accurate and reliable approach for monitoring similary affected areas.

Geologica Macedonica

Undercover

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Impressum

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

CARBON AND OXYGEN ISOTOPE SIGNATURE OF HYDROTHERMAL MINERAL DEPOSITS IN A POST-COLLISIONAL MAGMATIC-HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM: A REVIEW FROM NORTH MACEDONIA

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THALLIUM IN THE SOILS OF NORTH MACEDONIA

COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY FOR IRRIGATION IN THE KARST AREA OF THE RIVER BASIN OF SLATINSKA REKA

ARSENIC, HEAVY METALS AND RARE EARTH ELEMENTS IN TRAVERTINE LIMESTONE QUARRY IN THE MARIOVO AREA, NORTH MACEDONIA

ANALYSIS OF DISCRETIZATION ERRORS IN MICROTREMOR MEASUREMENTS

GEOHAZARD PHENOMENON INDUCED BY SALT EXPLOITATION AND APPLIED NEW METHODS FOR MONITORING GROUND SURFACE MOVEMENTS