Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences
DEVELOPMENT OF MULTI-CRITERIA AND METHODOLOGY FOR SELECTION OF GEOSITES FOR THE POTENTIAL GEOPARK “KRATOVO-ZLETOVO”
This study examines and applies a multi-criteria evaluation framework to assess micro-geological sites within the Kratovo-Zletovo region and to identify priority localities for prospective designation as part of UNESCO Global Geopark. The Kratovo–Zletovo region in northeastern North Macedonia is a compact but vibrant patchwork of geological, cultural, and mining heritage that has been proposed repeatedly as the country’s first geopark by Leptikova et al. 2019 [1]. The area’s preserved volcanic landforms, mineral deposits, and traditional towns (most notably Kratovo) create an excellent case for a protected geopark that links earth-science values with local history, education, and sustainable tourism. Beyond dramatic volcanic cones, the region is also an important ore district. Historic mining and mineral occurrences around Zletovo and Kratovo (cerussite, copper, and other ore minerals) are part of the area’s geodiversity and tell how geology shaped local economies and settlements for centuries. The mineralogy and old mine workings are themselves geo-sites of scientific and interpretive interest. Turning Kratovo–Zletovo into a geopark requires addressing several practical issues: securing legal protection for key geo-sites; cleaning and stabilizing old mining areas where safety is a concern; investing in visitor infrastructure (trails, signage, small museums), and creating revenue streams that benefit local communities rather than creating mass-tourism pressure. Any geopark plan should integrate cultural heritage and biodiversity, as well as the needs of residents, to ensure long-term local support. Selecting geosites for geotourism, conservation, education, or research purposes involves a structured, multi-criteria assessment. The selection process ensures that the most significant geological features are identified, documented, protected, and potentially promoted. Using a structured, transparent multi-criteria approach ensures the protection and optimal use of these valuable natural assets as well as appropriate nomination for UNESCO Geopark. In this article, applying multi-criteria evaluation—an approach used in geopark initiatives worldwide—the Kratovo-Zletovo region was assessed to identify priority sites for future inclusion in a Geopark. According to the results obtained from the expert evaluation, we can conclude that three localities, including Earth pyramids near v. Kuklica, Geoarchaeological occurrence Cocev Kamen and Lesnovo cone and caldera, were ranked with the highest score as key sites for the proposed UNESCO Global Geopark. Other localities received lower scores, mainly due to criteria such as accessibility, infrastructure, and presentation, which can be significantly improved through targeted measures and management activities.
Kratovo–Zletovo, Geopark, geoheritage, ecotourism, multi-criteria
Copyright (c) 2025 Natural Resources and Technology
APPLICATION OF COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND SAW METHOD FOR SELECTION OF A QUANTITY DRINKING WATER METERING SYSTEM
The numerous positive experiences from the use of the smart system for remote reading of drinking water serve as an incentive to analyze the possibility of applying the smart system in the Republic of North Macedonia. For this purpose, both the existing and the smart system were analyzed, with the most appropriate criteria being selected, both qualitative and quantitative, based on various practical and scientific findings. Each of the systems is described through all the established criteria, after which a comparative analysis of these two quantity quantity quantity drinking water metering systems was carried out, and the benefits of applying the smart system for measuring drinking water were determined.
Existing system, Smart system, Water loss, Malfunctions, Expenses, Simple Additive Weights Method
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY NEAR COPPER MINE BOROV DOL
This study investigates the ambient air quality in the immediate vicinity of the Borov Dol copper mine near Radovis, where three monitoring sites were selected at different locations surrounding the mine’s concession area. The measurements were conducted over a period of six months, covering both the winter and spring seasons. For measurement of the concentration of suspended particulate matter, fraction (PM10) in ambient air, ES-642 Met One (USA) instruments were used, which are certified for indicative monitoring in accordance with MCERTS (UK) standards. The measurements were performed using an automatic method based on nephelometric light scattering, which allows continuous real-time monitoring and recording of particulate concentrations. The data analysis revealed slightly elevated PM10 concentrations during winter months, attributed to frequent temperature inversions and low dispersion conditions, whereas lower concentrations were recorded during spring under more favorable meteorological conditions. The majority of measured values remained below national and EU limit values, indicating that the mine’s impact on ambient air quality is relatively minor. Overall, the results confirm that effective management and mitigation strategies can minimize air quality impacts associated with copper mining operations.
PM10, monitoring, sustainable development, emissions
SELECTING THE OPTIMAL ROUTE FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE TRANSPORTATION USING THE EDAS METHOD
When solving problems related to capital investments in a company, it is necessary to elaborate on the issue in detail and consider as many influential parameters as possible in order to make the optimal decision. One such problem is the selection of a transfer station and the location of a regional landfill. Once these locations are selected, the next problem that arises is choosing the optimal route for transporting municipal waste from the transfer station to the regional landfill. To successfully solve such complex problems, multi-criteria decision-making methods can be applied. In this paper, the EDAS method will be applied to select the optimal route for municipal waste transportation.
transport route selection, municipal waste, multi-criteria decision-making methods, EDAS method.
SEASONAL EVALUATION OF WORKERS` PERSONAL EXPOSURE IN UNDERGROUND MINES
Due to the nature of the underground mining environment, miners frequently face high concentrations of different pollutants. Underground mining is related to several environmental imbalances, including dust, which is recognised as a significant health hazard to mine workers. With a particular focus on mineral dust, lead and silica exposure, this review is intended to determine in which circumstances occupational exposure occurs during various underground activities. The research (study) was conducted in accordance with the General method for sampling and gravimetric analysis of inhalable and respirable dust, as described in MDHS 14/3, HSE - UK, 2000. Measurement were taken twice a year (summer and winter) to evaluate seasonal differences in occupational exposure. Research followed the guidelines provided by OSHA PELS as well as guidelines for the other pollutants. Seasonal exposures show higher dust during the summer while concentrations of lead and silica remained below the permissible exposure limits in most cases.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS: A CASE STUDY OF A KINDERGARTEN USING HEAT PUMPS AND PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS
Energy efficiency improvements and renewable energy integration in public buildings represent a significant step toward reducing operational costs and minimizing environmental impact. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the energy performance of a kindergarten in Macedonia, with a total area of 1 200 m², an annual electricity consumption of 25 000 kWh, and a yearly consumption of 16 700 liters of extra light fuel oil for heating. The objective is to identify the most efficient and cost-effective solution by comparing three scenarios. The first scenario considers the current situation, where electricity is procured from the Universal Supplier, and heating relies on extra light fuel oil. An alternative option is analyzed, considering electricity procurement on the free market. The second scenario involves heating with a 150 kW heat pump powered by electricity procured from the free market and the Universal Supplier. The third scenario includes the installation of a 40 kWp photovoltaic (PV) system on the kindergarten's roof, utilizing the generated electricity for self-consumption, selling surplus electricity, heating with a 150 kW heat pump, and procuring additional electricity as needed. The study evaluates the return on investment (ROI) and operational cost savings for each scenario, with and without accounting for the reduction in CO₂ emissions based on the European carbon pricing mechanism. The results demonstrate the economic feasibility and environmental benefits of transitioning to renewable energy and energy-efficient heating systems in public institutions.
energy consumption, carbon emissions, return on investment, operational costs, renewable energy integration, techno-economic analysis.
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS FOR RESTAURANTS IN MACEDONIA
The technology of photovoltaics is constantly improving with increased efficiency and effectiveness, enabling lower investment and operational costs, as well as comprehensive solutions to address challenges such as mitigating price shocks and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. This, in turn, contributes to environmental protection by avoiding carbon dioxide emissions when compared to a power plant of the same installed capacity that uses fossil fuels as its energy source. This paper presents a techno-economic analysis for the installation of a photovoltaic (PV) system on an average restaurant in Macedonia. The objective is to determine the feasibility of a photovoltaic system for an average restaurant that procures electricity from the open market, with the goal of reducing the energy dependence of restaurants and encouraging investments in PV systems by these commercial entities. Such investments can significantly contribute to increasing domestic electricity production from renewable energy sources.The analysis is based on the electricity consumption of an average restaurant and the electricity production from a PV system with a total installed capacity of 40 kWp, simulated using PV*SOL premium software. By comparing the hourly electricity production from the photovoltaic system, obtained through PV*SOL premium, with the hourly electricity consumption of the restaurant, derived from the standard load curve for restaurants, a techno-economic analysis was conducted in accordance with the forecasted electricity prices on the open market, taken from the HUDX electricity exchange. The analysis also considers the cost of the photovoltaic system, as well as its operational expenses.
electricity consumption, electricity production, PV*SOL premium, load curve, operational expenses.
GEOCHEMICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ELEMENTS IN WATERS AND SEDIMENTS OF PLESENSKA RIVER WITH A SPECIAL FOCUS ON THE PRESENCE OF HEAVY METALS
This paper presents the data from laboratory examinations of water and sediments in the autumn and early spring (September 2024 and February 2025). The examinations included waters and sediments from Plesenska River and the confluence of Kiselica River with Zletovska River, as well as a spring located in the immediate vicinity of Plesenska River. The water examinations were conducted to assess the actual condition and geochemical distribution of elements during the two studied periods, with a special focus on the presence of heavy metals. To obtain additional information about the components transported by the water flow and to gain insight into the cause-and-effect relationships and mechanisms, sediment examinations were also performed. The results obtained from the laboratory tests of water and sediments were analyzed in details, and correlation diagrams were made with interpretations of the findings.
water, sediments, distribution, pH, heavy metals
IMPROVING TIME EFFICIENCY USING COMPUTER SOFTWARE INTENDED FOR PRODUCTIVE PREPARATION IN CUSTOM-MADE CABINET FURNITURE FACTORIES
The goal of the research presented in this paper is to see the impact of computer software intended for manufacturing preparation on the time required to prepare the complete technical documentation during the launch of a new product within a micro enterprise for the production of custom-made cabinet furniture. For that purpose, the time spent during standard constructive preparation was measured. Standard constructive preparation covers views, sections and details drawing in AutoCAD of previously prepared 3D models of various pieces of furniture, and then dimensioning the constituent elements and creating a scheme for cutting the material in an appropriate software. For the same pieces of furniture, time was measured during the preparation of the same documentation through several different software intended for constructive preparation, specifically in PolyBoard in this part of the research, as presented in this paper. The results show that the computer software significantly shortens the constructive preparation time.
PolyBoard, interactive software, furniture design, constructive preparation, manufacturing methods
Copyright (c) 2024 Natural Resources and Technology
SOLVING A TWO-PHASE TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM – TRANSSHIPMENT MODEL WITH THE APPLICATION OF LINGO SOFTWARE
Transportation, as a logistical subsystem, is the most cost-significant part of logistics. The costs arising from transportation are the highest incurred expenses within the logistics system. Considering the limited possibilities for reducing transportation costs, it is crucial for enterprises to find new ways to lower these costs, thereby increasing their profit. This paper addresses the solution to a two-phase transportation problem – a transshipment model with the application of computers, aiming to determine an optimal transportation plan for goods and minimize transportation costs both within a single enterprise and across the entire supply chain.
transportation, two-phase problem, model, transshipment, computers
HYDROGEOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE EXPLOITATION WELLS EB-1 AND EB-2 IN THE CENTRAL CITY AREA OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF SVETI NIKOLE
The knowledge of all water resources, today, is a basic prerequisite for existence and further development of the society. Over 80% of the water supply to the population and industry in the Republic of Macedonia is provided through the capture of underground water. Since for regional water supply systems it is necessary to invest enormous funds, mainly for the construction of surface reservoirs, solving the problem of water supply at the sub-regional, municipal or local level practically gains greater importance, among other things, due to the rational conditions of the construction and maintenance of the systems. In that sense, the municipality of Sveti Nikole is an example of very high-quality approach to research for the needs of finding local potential conditions for public centralized water supply in individual settlements or parts of municipal territories, and thus rational and thoughtful investments for the future. In this paper, the potential opportunities for capturing economically viable amounts of underground water in Neogene sediments are highlighted, based on the results of the hydrogeological research. Based on the specified parameters, the environment is characterized by a filtration coefficient EB – 1 - K = 5.00 × 10-5 m/s, EB – 2 - K = 1.7 × 10-5 m/s, coefficient of water permeability EB – 1 - T = 2.22 × 10-4 m2/s = 23 m2/day. EB – 2 - T = 7.5 × 10- 4 m2/s = 24 m2/day and yield Qexp for EB-1 - 1.47 l/s, Qexp for EB – 2 = 1.07 l/s
groundwater, aquifers, water supply, permeability coefficient, hydrogeological characteristics, boundary type of wells
APPLICATION OF MODERN PLATFORMS FOR THE ACQUISITION OF SPATIAL DATA IN LANDFILL MONITORING
Environmental contamination due to poor solid waste management represents a global ecological issue. The real need for quality spatial data in the processes of solid waste management plays a key role in improving work performance and facilitating work processes. Through the implementation of modern platforms for the acquisition of spatial data, an efficient and quality method for conducting measurements without direct contact with the terrain is achieved. This paper presents the monitoring of waste quantities generated at the non-standardized "Mavrovica" landfill in Sveti Nikole using the results obtained from LiDAR scanning of the territory of the Republic of North Macedonia as well as conducted drone filming. The presented results represent the progress and refinement of modern platforms for the acquisition of spatial data, thereby serving as a reference point for analyzing the value states of waste generated from a certain temporal distance.
environment, non-standardized landfill, spatial data, LiDAR technology, drone
SECONDARY MINERALS IN THE ALLCHAR ORE DEPOSIT, N. MACEDONIA WITH PARTRICULAR REFERENCE TO SEM VIEW
A remarkably large association of secondary minerals appears in the Allchar deposit, which is presented in detail in this paper. This mineral association is represented by the following minerals: Arsenolite, As2O3,Valentinite, Sb2O3, Cervantite Sb2O4, Goethite α-FeO(OH), Stibiconite, Sb3O6(OH),Roméite, (Ca,Fe2+,Mn,Na)2(Sb,Ti)2O6(O,OH,F), Gypsum CaSO4 x 2H2O, Starkeyite, MgSO4·4H2O, Rozenite, FeSO4·4H2O, Epsomite MgSO4 x7H2O, Melanterite, FeSO4·7H2O, Jarosite KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6, Dorallcharite, (Tl,K)2Fe3+6(SO4)4(OH)12, Fibroferrite, FeSO4(OH)·5H2O, Pharmacolite, CaHAsO4·2H2O, Picropharmacolite, Ca4Mg(AsO3OH)2(AsO4)2·11H2O, Hornesite, Mg3(AsO4)2·8H2O. The paper shows microscopic photographs as well as photographs taken with a SEM microscope.
secondary minerals, Allchar, SEM photos,
SELECTION OF THE LOCATION OF THE MAIN WAREHOUSE USING THE EDAS METHOD
When solving problems related to capital investments in the company, it is necessary to work out the problem in detail and take into account as many influential parameters as possible in order to make the optimal decision. One such problem is the selection of the main warehouse location for the needs of a given company with dispersed centers. Multi-criteria decision-making methods can be applied to successfully solve such very complex problems. In this paper, the EDAS method will be applied to achieve the optimal selection of the location of the main warehouse in a company with several dispersed centers.
location selection, warehouse, multi-criteria decision-making methods, EDAS method
PHYTOREMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED SOILS IN THE VACINITY OF PROBISHTIP, THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA
Phytoremediation is one of the most suitable techniques for the remediation of heavy metals from polluted soils. The purpose of this paper is to determine the efficiency of several plants varieties for phytoremediation of soils contaminated with lead, iron and arsenic in the vicinity of the municipality of Probishtip. The research was done in the period from May to September 2023. During this period, representative soil samples were taken from several locations in the vicinity of Probishtip. These samples were subjected to laboratory testing to determine the concentration of the elements that compose it. After receiving the results, certain types of plants are planted in the soil samples. Тhe same soil samples are subjected to laboratory testing again after a certain period of time, sufficient for the plants to have an impact on the soil. The results of the soil analysis and risk assessment indicate the presence of heavy metal contamination in the soils surrounding Probishtip, especially in samples near Cranfield and the old tailings dump. The most frequently found metals include iron, lead, zinc, arsenic, copper, and chromium, all of which are the focus of our research. It can be inferred that the heavy metal content before planting the crops is higher than after planting, suggesting a process of soil remediation is underway.
Phytoremediation, contamination, heavy metals, plants, Probishtip.
ERGONOMIC WORKSTATION DESIGN IN AUTOMOTIVE CAR SEATS PRODUCTION
Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most common work-related illnesses. At the European level, they affect the health of millions of workers, and at the same time, the employers themselves pay high costs for their compensation. According to data from the automotive industry, the costs of introducing ergonomic controls at the initial stage of production design are significantly lower than the costs of compensating musculoskeletal disorders. Along with the implementation of ergonomic controls at an early stage, the risks of developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders are reduced or eliminated. The need for a scientific research approach in the implementation of ergonomic controls is imposed as one of the most significant ways to deal with musculoskeletal disorders and improving safety , wellbeing and efectivness of employees. This paper analyzes the ergonomic risks among employees in the automotive car seats production as well as the control mechanisms that can reduce or eliminate the occurrence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs).
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Ergonomics risk factors, Engineering and Administrative control measures
GHG EMISSIONS FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN NORTH MACEDONIA
Emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) from municipal solid waste (MSW) in North Macedonia are a serious issue for the environment and major efforts are needed to mitigate climate change. In order to determine the current situation with the GHG emissions in North Macedonia, several calculations were made and results and proposals for reduction of GHG emissions, related with waste, are presented in this paper. Municipal solid waste (MSW) management, primarily through landfilling, is a major contributor to GHG emissions in North Macedonia. The anaerobic decomposition of organic waste in landfills generates methane (CH4), a strong greenhouse gas with a high global warming potential, even 25 times more than carbon dioxide (CO2). Furthermore, open waste burning and inadequate waste management techniques lead to the release of CO2, nitrous oxide (N2O) and other pollutants. Despite efforts to mitigate GHG emissions from waste, challenges persist due to inadequate waste management infrastructure, limited waste reduction and recycling initiatives, and failure to implement regulatory frameworks. These challenges exacerbate the environmental impacts of waste management and hinder progress towards sustainable development goals. To tackle GHG emissions from waste in North Macedonia, a comprehensive approach is required that includes legislative interventions, technological advances, and public engagement techniques. Improving waste management infrastructure, promoting waste reduction and recycling, investing in waste-derived renewable energy, and enhancing regulatory enforcement are among the key recommendations.
EDUCATION ON MINERAL RAW MATERIALS THROUGH RISBRIEFCASE, AS A NON-CONVENTIONAL TEACHING TOOL
Mineral raw materials are indispensable in our daily lives, e.g., food, cosmetics, clothing, medicine, mobile phones, vehicles, electrical appliances, construction materials, fertilizers, jewelry, etc. for our well-being and for a prosperous society. Securing a responsible supply from domestic sources is a key element in achieving reliable raw material security for Europe. Mineral raw materials are crucial for clean energy technologies – from wind turbines and solar panels, to electric vehicles and battery storage – require a wide range of minerals and metals and they are essential for reaching the Green Deal goals of a climate-neutral society by 2050. In fact, the more ambitious climate targets are, the more minerals are needed for clean energy transition. Since the mineral consumption in general is intensifying, there is an urgent need to educate society, especially children, on these topics. Nowadays, in Albania, school curriculums lack of these topics, although recycling and circular economy are sporadically dealt. The RISBriefcase project, aims to enhance the perception of mining activities and fostering awareness about the vital role minerals and mining play in our society. Engaging its non-conventional teaching tools designed for students aged 6 to 14, it is applying the all-inclusive approach on this matter by teaching children about mineral properties and their uses, critical raw materials, circular economy approaches and use of secondary raw materials, sustainable mining, gender equality and a variety of career opportunities in mining sector.
Copyright (c) 2023 Natural Resources and Technology
CONTRIBUTION TO RESEARCH FOR IMPROVING THE PROCUREMENT PROCESS AND DECISION-MAKING IN PROCUREMENT
Procurement is one of the basic functions of any enterprise. Without them, no company would survive. In this scientific paper, we carried out research in the field of catering, that is, we emphasize how important purchases are in catering, as well as in every company, as well as how purchases are made regardless of the company's activity, and also how purchases are made in hotel-restaurant enterprises because they are necessary for the company to survive, to satisfy the demands of the consumers, that is to satisfy the customers. We analyzed the behavior of the employees in the companies during the procurement process, how they face the risks in the procurement process and most importantly we can see how the purchases of a hotel-restaurant company enable success and prosperity in the company itself.
Procurement, hotel-restaurant enterprise, supplier, procurer, procurement, decision-making and supply.
FORECASTING AND PREDICTION BY MEAN OF ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) IN THE FIELD OF SUPPLY CHAINS
Supply chain management is a critical aspect of modern businesses, with companies striving to optimize their operations for efficiency and profitability. Accurate forecasting and prediction play a pivotal role in achieving these objectives. The study investigates the use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as a robust decision-making tool in supply chain forecasting and prediction. The core of this study involves the development of an AHP-based forecasting and prediction framework tailored to the supply chain domain. AHP is a systematic approach that enables decision-makers to evaluate various forecasting models using a hierarchy of criteria, sub-criteria, and alternatives. The framework also enables the incorporation of expert opinions, historical data, and real-time information, ensuring a comprehensive and adaptable approach to forecasting. Case studies and empirical evidence are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the AHP-based framework in improving supply chain forecasting accuracy and decision-making. These examples showcase how AHP can assist in demand forecasting, inventory management, supplier selection, and other critical supply chain activities.
Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), supply chain, case study.
PRELIMINARY RESULTS FOR THE INFLUENCE OF LICHENS ON ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS IN STOBI LOCALITY
This paper provides preliminary data for influence of gray and yellow lichens on archeological monuments in Stobi. Also was determinated the origin of the minerals which adhere to the rhizine/hyphae. According of the SEM results, in lichen are found small grains of minerals which originated from parent rocks or weathering. In the lichens on marble was determinated the present of the following minerals:calcite, dolomite, Fe carbonate, Ca silicate, Ca,Fe,Al silicate and Fe,Al silicate. Carbonate minerals come from marble while silicates are the result of weathering. In lichens on sandstone ware determined the following minerals: K,Al silicate, Ca carbonate quartz Fe,Mg silicate, Fe-oxide, zircon, and Na, Ca,Al silicate. Carbonate minerals are result of weathering while other determinated minerals originate from sandstone. Clay minerals are a result of the decomposition of feldspars.
MICROMETEORITES IN THE DUST COLLECTED ON КOZUF MOUNTAIN (REPUBLIUC OF NORTH MACEDONIA)
About 40,000 tons of space-derived material fall to Earth every year. The largest part of this interplanetary dust is the result of the collision of meteorites from the meteorite belt or from the melting of ice from bodies in the Solar System. These interplanetary dust particles collide with the Earth's atmosphere, are further fragmented and fall to Earth as micrometeorites, measuring less than 2 mm. Significant amounts of micrometeorites have been found in deep sea sediments, on snow-capped mountains and in the ice of the polar regions. This paper presents the investigations using the SEM-EDS technique on dust collected on Kozhuf Mountain. From the tests carried out, it can be concluded that in the collected dust two grains were found that have the shape of a micrometeorite, while the chemical analysis shows a composition that corresponds to the composition of some micrometeorites.
interplanetary dust, collision, particles, micrometeorites
THE IMPORTANCE OF ARCHITECTURAL ACCESSIBILITY IN MODERN SOCIETY
The main goal of architecture, as a field that is aimed at designing, planning and organizing the three-dimensional space for human needs, is to make accessible environment. That is one of the main factors for the quality of living in a society. Designing without architectural barriers and raising awareness of the needs of people with disability in relation to architectural design is a current topic today. By including the needs of the people with disabilities, architects show the ethical note of architecture and its connection with responsible behavior towards the environment and the people for whom it was created. When we talk about designing environment for human needs and in range to the human abilities, it doesn`t mean only for physically healthy people. Considering that around 15% of the world`s population has some form of disability, it is very important to design an accessible built environment for as many people as possible. This architectural approach will contribute to increasing the involvement of people with disabilities in daily life activities. The education, as a most important thing in the society, is connected with architectural accessibility to allow free access for children and youth with disabilities, to and in the facilities for education. That allows children and youth with disabilities to develop their intellectual potentials and include them to educational process. It means that accessibility is in a relation to inclusive education and that is important for every society.
disability, architectural barriers, accessible environment, universal design
INDUSTRIAL BROWNFIELD SITES AND THEIR URBAN REGENERATION
This paper covers the problems related to the transformation of brownfield locations in the context of modern urban development and strategies of sustainable urbanism and urban regeneration. Specifically, preservation of the identity of the location and restoration of that industrial, cultural and architectural heritage, thus contributing to urban regeneration and improving the quality of living and working. Adaptive regeneration stands out as a sustainable model for brownfield site regeneration. It implies the integration of abandoned industrial sites in an urban environment and their adaptation, repurposing and reconstruction in the context of modern trends and social and economic needs, meeting environmental criteria, etc. Due to this approach to the regeneration of these locations, which is mainly conditioned by the program for local economic development, the historical, spatial and cultural values, the urban memory of the inhabitants is neglected, which leads to the destruction of the urban identity of those locations. In addition to the goal of these abandoned, underutilized, often polluted complexes being economically profitable and contributing to a better image of the environment, we must not forget that they have a historical and cultural value that can help attract investments. For this reason, a good sustained analysis of all parameters (economic, urban, ecological, property-legal, aesthetic and social, social, etc.) should be done beforehand, and then all the possibilities offered by a brownfield site should be considered, but in context of local economic development and the real needs of a city. In this way, positive effects can be achieved that would lead to a complete urban regeneration of a brownfield site.
ESTIMATION OF OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS IN TURKEY UNTIL 2030
Today, as a result of the development of technology, the prodution power of companies and the increase in the competition between themselves have led to the emergence of dangers especially for occupational safety. The 21st century, in which industrialization and production techniques have come to the fore, has been a period in which deaths and disabilities have increased as a result of work accidents caused by machines. In this study, the number of occcupational accidents in Turkey until 2030 was estimated by using artificial neural network on the Weka package program. While creating the model, the numbers of compulsory insured workers, workplace, work accident, death as a result of work accident and permanent incapacity for work were used between 1970 and 2021. %30 of the data was used as test data and %70 as training data in the neural network. In the light of the result, the expected number of occupational accidents in 2030 is estimated as 642210.
HEAVY METALS REMOVAL FROM WASTEWATER FROM THE LEACHING PROCESS BY NEUTRALIZATION
The leaching process has been successfully used in mining industry for 100 years. Nowadays, technologies are developed in order to prevent harmful effects of leaching process on the environment. The aim of this paper was to investigate the possibility of neutralize and remove heavy metals from the water that circulates in the leaching process. Usually, no waste water is generated in the leaching process, that is, the leaching solution is not thrown out, but reused in a closed cycle. However, in the event of an accident, ie if these waters are spilled, the neutralization process can be applied in order to raise the pH value of the water and help in the precipitation of heavy metals. This paper presents the results of studied potassium hydroxide, which proved to be a very effective neutralizer that successfully removes heavy metals.
HYDROGEOTHERMAL MODEL OF THE LOCALITY PROEVCE, REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA
The paper presents the results from the research on the "Proevce" hydrothermal system, which is located near Kumanovo. The terrain on which the thermo-mineral waters occur is the left bank of the river terrace of the Kumanovska River, above which the Proevski hill rises steeply, composed of old Paleozoic marbles and schists. The explorations showed that there are three significant springs with thermo-mineral water in the research area: artesian borehole S - 1, natural spring with catchment K - 2 and spa spring. According to its chemical composition, the water is hydrocarbonate - sodium-potassium poorly magnesian. According to the performed hydrochemical and balneological tests and analyses, the water from this deposit meets all the requirements for using water for drinking and treatment.
Proevce, thermo-mineral water, thermal spring, model, hydro-chemical properties
TECHNO-ECONOMIC PARAMETERS RELATED TO THE BUNARDZIK Cu-Au ORE BODY, BUCHIM COPPER MINE, EASTERN MACEDONIA
Calculated ore-bearing coefficient in the Bunardzik ore body was 0.82%, meaning that within the ore body boundaries only 18% of mass is not mineralized somehow, which is highly compatible with remaining three ore bodies within the Buchim porphyry copper mine. The calculated value of variation coefficient (V) has shown value of 54% that is in the range of 43-100%, which displays that this ore body belongs to the third group of deposits with uneven mineralization. An average copper, gold and silver concentrations were determined as 0.30% Cu, 0.35 g/t Au and 1.0 g/t Ag, respectively. Minimal economic content (MEC) within the Bunardzik ore body, as represent of this kind of mineralization, was determined as 0.2099% Cu. In similar manner was calculated the lowest copper boundary (cutoff grade), which have shown value of 0.1399% Cu and thus allowing certain decrease of contents in exploited ore. Also, there were calculated so called copper monometal values, which included influence of the present gold and silver in the ore. Calculated copper monometal was set at relatively fair 0.399% Cu that represents solid mainstay for exploitation of copper in these low percentage ores. Calculated ore reserves in this particular ore body were 24 042 751 t of ore with 0.257% Cu, 0.35 g/t Au and 0.91 g/t Ag and increased mine life for additional 4.4 years.
Bunardzik ore body, copper mineralization, variation coefficient, minimal economic concentration.
IMPACT OF NEW LIGHTING TECHNOLOGIES AS AN IMPORTANT ELEMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Abstract: When it comes to house renovations, lighting is an important but sometimes disregarded subject. It alters the way a space is perceived as being sized, adds atmosphere, and most significantly, it may change how you feel. More goes into good lighting design than just picking a stylish lampshade. In actuality, lighting design consists of three fundamental components. When used properly, ambient lighting, task lighting, and accent lighting may radically change the atmosphere of your home or workplace, making it a more comfortable and relaxing place to be. Lighting includes the use of both artificial light sources like lamps and light fixtures, as well as natural illumination by capturing daylight. Daylighting (using windows, skylights, or light shelves) is sometimes used as the main source of light during daytime in buildings. This can save energy in place of using artificial lighting, which represents a major component of energy consumption in buildings. Proper lighting can enhance task performance, improve the appearance of an area, or have positive psychological effects on occupants. Indoor lighting is usually accomplished using light fixtures, and is a key part of interior design. Lighting can also be an intrinsic component of landscape project.
Keywords: lighting, interior design, effects of light on people, interior design with natural lighting.
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NEW AND UPDATED GEOMAGNETIC REPEAT STATIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOSOVO
Each country is good to have their own geomagnetic repeat stations for monitoring and defining the geomagnetic anomaly field. The paper present and define the network of geomagnetic stations in the Republic of Kosovo. A network of 10 geomagnetic stations has been define on the territory of the Republic and on the basis of the performed observations and measurements that were conducted during the SFRY, a new and updated network for monitoring the geomagnetic field in the Republic of Kosovo is defined. The researches for selection of locations for geomagnetic stations according to INTERMAGNET standards are presented.
net, repeat station, INTERMAGNET, Kosovo