PALIMPSEST / ПАЛИМПСЕСТ

FOREWORD

Ranko Mladenoski — 2024-08-24

In the regular and established sections of the journal (“Language”, “Literature”, “Culture”, “Teaching Methodology”, “Reviews”), issue no. 17 published a total of 22 papers by 38 authors and co-authors. The contributors to this issue are: Ana Arsovska, Liljana Mitkovska, Violeta Janusheva, Jeta Hamzai, Brikena Xhaferi, Katerina Vidova, Gzim Dzaferri, Biljana Ivanovska, Slavcho Kovilovski, Refide Şahin, Lidija Kovacheva, Ekaterina Namicheva-Todorovska, Petar Namichev, Nina Daskalovska, Adrijana Hadzi-Nikolova, Natka Jankova Alagjozovska, Marija Leontik, Trajce Stameski, Isa Spahiu, Zarije Nuredini (from Macedonia); Enrico Caniglia (from Italy); Milote Sadiku, Sadije Rexhepi, Dëfrim Saliu, Avdi Visoka (from Kosovo); Nurhayati Harahap, Dwi Widayati, Emma Marsella, Arwina Sufika, Latifah Yusri Nasution, Putri Rahmadeni Sembiring (from Indonesia); Pınar Ülgen, Duygu Çağma (from Turkey); Kamran Akhtar Siddiqui (from Pakistan); Igor Rižnar (from Slovenia); Piralı Aliyev (from Azerbaijan); Ema Kristo and Jonida Bushi-Gjuzi (from Albania). The participation of foreign authors from several countries (Italy, Kosovo, Indonesia, Turkey, Pakistan, Slovenia, Azerbaijan, Albania) with their scientific and professional papers in this issue of “Palimpsest” reaffirms our commitment to creating a truly international scientific journal.

MIDDLE DIATHESIS MARKING IN ENGLISH: EVIDENCE FROM MACEDONIAN TRANSLATION EQUIVALENTS

Ana Arsovska — 2024-08-24

This paper explores English constructions featuring the verb get and the past participle, which cannot be classified as passive, along with their Macedonian translation equivalents. These constructions typically involve an affected subject referent with varying degrees of control over the predication. The aim of our research is to examine these English constructions, identify their Macedonian counterparts and elucidate their semantic properties. To achieve this, we compiled a corpus of 405 examples extracted from works by English authors and their Macedonian translations. Our analysis employs both qualitative and quantitative methods to explore the data. The findings from this research endeavor to clarify the status of English get+past participle verb forms lacking passive semantics.

Keywords: voice; diathesis; inchoative constructions; passive; contrastive analysis.

CATEGORIES FOR STORYTELLING. AN ANALYSIS OF THE PARABLE OF THE GOOD SAMARITAN

Enrico Caniglia — 2024-08-24

Membership Categorization Analysis is usually used to analyze news texts and ordinary conversations. However, it can show how the methodic use of membership categories is a fundamental property of the narrative texts. In this short essay, I want to show how the membership categories selected to describe the characters of a short story are selected in a methodic way and how their methodic use achieves the moral message of the story. I show my hypothesis with the analysis of an evangelical short story: The Parable of the Good Samaritan.

Keywords: membership categories; Harvey Sacks; narration; moral message; evangelical parables.

GENDER SENSITIVE LANGUAGE IN THE MACEDONIAN JOB ADVERTISEMENTS

Violeta Janusheva — 2024-08-24

In the past few years, there is an intensified gender sensitive language discussion in Macedonia as well, which increases the women’s visibility and overcomes the patriarchial pattern according to which the male has a superior and the female inferior role.

This paper poses two research questions: Whether the gender sensitive language is used in the job advertisements? and What type of gender sensitive language is used when certain occupation is advertised? The aim is to get general insights of the gender sensitive language used in the advertisements, bearing in mind that they use nouns which denote occupations and describe the preferred characteristic of the persons. The sample consists of 500 job advertisements, and the analysis includes the coding and the general qualitative inductive-interpretative method.

The results show that most job advertisements use the generic masculine form which contributes to the woman’s invisibility in the society. The same counts for the additional information on the conditions that a person should fulfill and his characteristics, which are also given in masculine. The results point to the smaller number of advertisements in which the feminine noun is used, which additionally affects the woman’s underrepresentation in the society. Yet, there are advertisements which use the feminine forms, independently or in word pairs and the gender neutral noun person. This indicates that there is an increased consciousness for gender neutral language through the language as well.

Keywords: gender sensitive language; job advertisements.

INVESTIGATING THE HIGH FREQUENCY AND MORPHOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVITY OF VERB AND ADJECTIVE COMPOUNDS IN LEGAL ENGLISH CORPUS

Jeta Hamzai — 2024-08-24

This paper explores the complex relationship between morphological productivity and the high frequency of words in English. It delves into the theoretical underpinnings of these concepts, their empirical manifestations, and their significance in linguistics and cognitive science. By examining key studies and theories in the field, this paper aims to shed light on the complex interplay between morphological productivity and word frequency, offering insights into language acquisition, processing, and evolution. The paper also analyses the high frequency and the morphological productivity of adjective and verb compounds in EFL written contexts (Legal English context). The instruments used in this paper were research papers written by SEEU EFL students. A quantitative analysis of the high frequency and morphological productivity of compounds was performed using this dataset. Also, the correlation between morphological productivity and high frequency is being elaborated. The high-frequency list of compounds was calculated based on the compounds that appeared more than once in the analysed corpus. Whereas hapax legomenon was the quantitative indicator used to assess the output of the compounding patterns. The participants involved in this study were 35 undergraduate Law students at South East European University in Tetovo and Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia. The participants were attending the following courses: Level 5, Legal English 1 and Legal English 2. Findings imply that adjective compounds are more morphologically productive compared to verb compounds. Correspondingly, verb compounds are less morphologically productive however they are identified as highly frequent compounds compared to adjective compounds in the analysed corpus.

Keywords: high frequency; morphological productivity; adjective compounds; verb compounds; Legal English; corpus.

THE USE OF ANGLICISMS AND INTERNATIONALISMS VS. MACEDONIAN LEXEMES IN PRINTED MEDIA

Katerina Vidova — 2024-08-24

This paper investigates the overview of the wide use of anglicisms and internationalisms in Macedonian printed media. The influence of English in all spheres of the global world is constant, and hence, anglicisms and internationalisms are found as loan words in Macedonian language of business, culture, art, politics, and media language. The paper presents an overview of anglicisms and internationalisms in the Macedonian daily press “Večer”, “Nova Makedonija”, “Sloboden pečat” and the business weekly magazine “Kapital“. Analyzing the excerpted corpus, we have come to the conclusion that English lexemes and internationalisms have become domestic, entered everyday use, and become an integral part of Macedonian.

Keywords: anglicisms; internationalisms; printed media; loanwords; Macedonian lexemes.

THE ROLE AND FUNCTION OF DISCOURSE MARKERS: EXAMPLES FROM A YOUTUBE INTERVIEW

Gzim Xhaferri — 2024-08-24

This study examines the importance and role of discourse markers in an online YouTube interview. It specifically focuses on discourse markers, or so-called pragmatic markers, in spoken language. Discourse markers (DM) are widely used in oral communication and are often found in dialogues between speakers and their interlocutors. Speakers use them to ensure a smooth flow of conversation and to help their interlocutors understand the meaning of their utterances appropriately. The use of DM in this interview depends on the context and objectives. The choice of DM and other language elements depends on the target audience of the interview. Additionally, speakers use discourse markers to adjust the intensity of their statements or mitigate the linguistic content of their actions. The analysis sheds light on the relationship between the participants in the respective communication and demonstrates how speakers adjust politeness based on their conversation partner and situation. Examination of the language use of the moderator and the guest in the interview confirms the assumption that language is related to the attitudes of the speakers and that language is adapted depending on the communicative situation.

Keywords: discourse markers; intensifiers; repetitions; interview.

REALIZATIONS OF EMOTIVE LANGUAGE IN FACEBOOK COMMENTS

Milote Sadiku — 2024-08-24

This study examines the verbalization of emotions in online media. We express emotions not only to show our subjective awareness but also to evaluate the world we live in. Emotions are universal experiences that are common to all people. They are difficult to control, are often the cause of irrational human behavior, and cause people to behave in certain ways (cf. Fiehler, 1990, p. 41; Ortner, 2014, p. 6 ff). Emotions, as constitutive phenomena of our lives, are given a certain representation in linguistic expressions and are thus conveyed and made visible to others. They are also perceived as very intense and personal experiences that come from the inside and can be expressed through language and actions. Language therefore enables us to communicate our emotions verbally. The 21st century is known as the digital age. In the age of information technology, the language of communication has also been reorganized. Digitalization has developed rapidly in recent years, and the exchange of information has become very intensive. We would like to take a closer look at emotional vocabulary in social networks. In this study, texts from social media (such as Facebook) are analyzed regarding the verbalization of emotions at the level of the word, sentence, and text.

Keywords: emotions; emotion linguistics; emotion markers; Facebook comments.

MACEDONIAN LITERARY CRITICISM FROM THE 19TH CENTURY OF THE WORK OF GRIGOR PRLICHEV

Slavcho Koviloski — 2024-08-24

In this paper we refer to the echo of Grigor Prlichev's work in the Macedonian literary criticism from the 19th century. As a leader of Macedonian literature, Prlichev impressed the Macedonian literary figures of this time. Some of them were his collaborators, some were his students, whereas others knew him only through his poetic work, but they all had exceptional respect not only for his literary legacy, but for his involvement in the field of education and church struggle as well. In this paper we present to the wider Macedonian audience the views and criticism on the poet from Ohrid of the Macedonian authors Jordan Ivanov, Georgi Balaschev, Kuzman Shapkarev, Dimitar Matov, Kliment Skopakov and Lev Ognenov.

Keywords: Grigor Prlichev; Macedonian literature of the 19th century; literary criticism.

REVIEW OF THE WORKS OF MACEDONIAN AUTHORS IN THE TURKISH CHILDREN’S MAGAZINE “BAHÇE” PUBLISHED IN NORTH MACEDONIA

Refide Sahin — 2024-08-24

After the dissolution of the Socialist Federation of the Former Yugoslavia, challenging times began for Turkish publishing in North Macedonia. Following the cessation of Birlik newspaper's publishing activities, children's magazines Sevinç and Tomurcuk were also halted abruptly. Concurrently, Bahçe children's magazine commenced publication. The first issue of Bahçe, produced by Yeni Balkan Publishing House, appeared in September-October 2004, with its final issue, the 36th, released in January-February-March 2024. Each edition of Bahçe magazine features poems by Turkish poets alongside genres from Macedonian literature. Given North Macedonia's multi-ethnic structure, many shared cultural values are evident, influencing language, culture, and particularly literature. Over centuries of coexistence in North Macedonia, Turkish, Albanian, and Macedonian communities have not only published their respective literary genres but have also featured literary works in each other's languages within their own journals. This study analyzes the works of Macedonian writers written in Macedonian using the Cyrillic alphabet, which are published as a distinct section in Bahçe magazine.

Keywords: Children's magazines; Bahçe magazine; Macedonian literature types.

THE RECEPTION OF CAMUS IN MACEDONIA

Dëfrim Saliu — 2024-08-24

Albert Camus and Jean-Paul Sartre, as two main representatives of French existentialism, two “frenemies” have exerted a strong influence on the cultural, literary, ideological, and political life of Macedonia. They remain relevant to the reflection and sensitivity of today’s Macedonian public. The reception of their literary and philosophical works varied depending on the cultural, literary, ideological, and political circumstances faced by the Macedonian public. They received a warm welcome immediately after World War II and especially during the 1960s. Initially, this reception was primarily based on ideological preferences, with Sartre being considered a supporter of the more liberal Yugoslav communist model. Sartre somewhat overshadowed Camus. After the publication of “The Rebel” a definitive rupture between Sartre and Camus occurred, mainly due to their political orientations. After only a few years, Camus received the Nobel Prize, a highly appreciated award at the time by the public. For a while, Camus overshadowed Sartre, and his works began to be translated into Macedonian and Albanian. A bit later, in 1964, Sartre declined the Nobel Prize, and this act elevated his fame to its peak, perhaps until his death. The fall of the Berlin Wall and the change in ideological and political values also led to a change in cultural and literary values. This brought about an updating of the works of these two authors. Today, in the Macedonian cultural space, in search of exclusively literary and aesthetic values, faithful translations of the works of these two authors are being born, as well as in-depth studies about them, in Macedonian and Albanian languages, which foster a new reading of their works based on the art that arises from their literary creativity and no longer from extraliterary preferences.

Keywords: Camu; French; existentialism; literary reception; literature; politics; Macedonia.

ILLUMINATION AND LITERATURE IN ANCIENT KARO SCRIPTURES FOR SOUVENIR PRODUCT DESIGN: REVITALIZATION OF KARO LOCAL WISDOM

Nurhayati Harahap — 2024-08-24

Karo illumination and script are the local wisdom of the Karo ethnic group contained in ancient Karo manuscripts, which can be used to design souvenir products as an effort to revitalize local wisdom and grow the creative economy in Karo. The aim of the research is to collect Karo illuminations and characters, then design them into attractive images to be used as typical Karo souvenir designs. The theory used is philological theory with a qualitative descriptive method. Research data collection was carried out by tracing the existence of ancient Karo manuscripts to museums where the manuscripts were stored and certain individuals who were thought to have collections of ancient Karo manuscripts. Next, various types of illumination and Karo script are described. The results of the research are a description of the ancient Karo manuscripts and a classification of the illumination and script of the ancient Karo manuscripts, which consists of: (1) Based on the shape of the illumination of the ancient Karo manuscripts, there are King Solomon’s footprints, tupak salah Sipitu-pitu, etc. 2) based on the type of Karo script; nineteen types. In an effort to revitalize Karo illumination and script, which contain the philosophy of life of the Karo tribe, this illumination is designed with attractive images and is embedded in souvenirs from the Karo area.

Keywords: philology; revitalization; ancient manuscripts; illumination; scripts; souvenir.

WOMEN’S STRUGGLE FOR EXİSTENCE İN WOMEN’S MONASTERİES İN MEDİEVAL EUROPE

Pınar Ülgen — 2024-08-24

Monasteries were multifunctional structures in medieval Europe, serving multiple functions. The term "monastery," meaning alone, garnered considerable attention due to its diverse roles. During that era, parents often entrusted their children to monasteries for education. The predominance of men in monasteries exerted significant pressure, particularly on the few women's monasteries. This pressure caused women to create a new system and even create a new order for themselves However, when we evaluate the monasteries in general, we come across two different windows as monastic life from the eyes of men and women. At this point, women's monasticism or women's monasteries begin to draw attention and we encounter a system that is different from the eyes of women. Women's monasteries could be seen as pivotal in the nascent women's movements of the time. Women entered monasteries not solely for education but also to explore their inner worlds or seek refuge from the outside world. This created a system where monastic life was largely dominated by men, reinforcing beliefs that women could not achieve independently. This study aims to clarify the perspective of women's monasticism during the Middle Ages and their role within monasteries.

Keywords: Medieval; Monastery; Europe; Women; Women's Monasteries.

ELEMENTARY INTERPRETATION OF THE COSMOS BY PRE-SOCRATICS

Lidija Kovacheva — 2024-08-24

It is indisputable fact that the geocentric model in correlation with the stars was the predominant description of the cosmos on which the basic doctrines of ancient civilizations rely. The ancient ideas regarding the motion of the planets, together with all other heavenly bodies in the universe and their impact on the life on Earth, were built on the model of the Sun’s and Moon’s visible effects, for which there was always an opinion that they were correlated with the creation of life. Or as Heraclitus mentions: „If there were no sun, all the other stars together could not dispel the night “(Plut., Аquane an ignis utillior 957a: De fortuna 98c). The key role in reconstruction of the models of the cosmos in Ancient Greece is attributed to the Babylonian data on astrology and astronomy. The interest in astronomy on the territory of ancient Greece emerged as a result of pre-Socratics in the 6th century BCE who begun the rejection of mythological details about the world and humans as well as the deviation from the theories about the creator deity and the supernatural divine forces. The pre-Socratics sought to understand the various aspects of nature offering explanations that could be deemed as scientific by posing fundamental question about the origin and the substance of the world, and not by providing answers to questions like who created or how the world was created. The search for answers whether the world, as known so far, is in a state of world-order (Cosmos) or disorder (Chaos) provides the basic intention in their philosophical conception of a universe governed by laws.

Keywords: Cosmos; astrology; pre-Socratics; Pythagoras; Heraclitus.

THE ARCHITECTURAL PRODUCTION OF ARCHITECT BORIS DUTOV IN THE PERIOD OF 1921-1940 IN THE CITY OF SKOPJE

Ekaterina Namicheva-Todorovska — 2024-08-24

Ivan Artemushkin and Boris Dutov were the two most productive architects for Skopje architecture from the interwar period, designing in the two main stylistic concepts, academicism and modernism. In this paper, we will cover the architectural production of Boris Dutov through the presentation of his projects through technical documentation. In the period from 1921 to 1940, Dautov designed more than 433 residential buildings of all kinds and dozens of commercial and public buildings in the city of Skopje. According to the social power of the city's population, most of Dutov's architectural production was on buildings with a modest project repertoire, through which Dutov showed his skill for virtuoso architectural composition, mostly in line with the taste of the commissioners in a modified academic manner.

Keywords: architect; academicism; architectural production; Dutov.

FOREIGN LANGUAGE LISTENING ANXIETY IN HIGH SCHOOL AND UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Nina Daskalovska — 2024-08-24

Language learners progress at different rates and attain different levels of language competence. This is due to many factors that influence success in language learning. Some of these factors are aptitude, personality, age, attitudes, motivation, learning styles, etc. One of the factors that has been widely investigated is language anxiety. A lot of research has been carried out to determine the relationship between language anxiety and learners’ achievement as well as the sources of learners’ anxiety and the possible ways of reducing anxiety in the classroom. Most of the research has focused on general language anxiety. However, it has emerged that even though general language anxiety may be a problem for many learners, there are different types of anxiety related to a particular situation, a particular task, or a particular language skill. Regarding language skills, speaking is regarded as the most anxiety-provoking, which has also been reported by many learners. Listening anxiety has not been researched as much as speaking anxiety, but studies show that listening can also cause learner anxiety and can seriously affect listening comprehension. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of listening anxiety in high school and university students learning English as a foreign language. The instrument used to measure the listening anxiety levels is the Foreign Language Listening Anxiety Scale (FLLAS) which consists of 20 items that describe how learners feel about listening to English. The results show that both groups of participants exhibit low levels of anxiety, and there is no statistically significant difference between the two groups.

Keywords: language learning; listening; anxiety; age; language proficiency.

EXPLORING THE CHALLENGES FOR UNDERGRADUATES IN LEARNING ESSAY WRITING ONLINE DURING THE PANDEMIC: A CASE STUDY

Kamran Akhtar Siddiqui — 2024-08-24

Writing is a very essential skill given that undergraduates have to write a lot during their degree programs. An essay is one of the written products that students are supposed to produce. Usually, students seek teachers’ help, peer assistance, and library aid to master this skill of essay writing. However, due to COVID-19, students lost access to all these benefits as this novel disease affected education, and all educational institutions were closed around the world. Higher Education Commission (HEC) Pakistan instructed the higher education institutes to switch to online mode of learning. Thus, universities started online classes using different learning management systems. Since the online mode of learning is practiced only in a few universities in Pakistan, it was pretty difficult for all stakeholders (administration, teachers, and students) in other universities to switch to a new mode of teaching and learning. This study explored the challenges undergraduates faced in learning essay writing online during the pandemic. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews which were conducted from six participants of essay writing class. Thematic analysis of the data from purposively chosen participants revealed that lack of and unfamiliarity with technological gadgets, unavailability of or poor internet, house chore, attitude of family members, feedback (whether written or oral) from the teachers, and limited interaction with peers or other resources hampered their learning in essay writing class. The study will have implications for teachers and university administrators. The study concludes with directions for future research.

Keywords: Essay writing; challenges; undergraduates; online; COVID-19; pandemic.

CHATGPT USAGE: A LINGUIST’S PERSPECTIVE

Igor Rižnar — 2024-08-24

The article discusses a popular computer program that simulates human conversation: ChatGPT. Chatbots with integrated natural language processing (NLP) can appear to understand questions and respond in a manner that seems knowledgeable. Developed similarly to computer-assisted translation tools, the developers moved from rule-based architecture to AI-supported tools using NLP and machine learning (ML) to power seemingly more intelligent conversations (e.g. Apple’s Siri, Google Assistant, Samsung’s Bixby and Amazon’s Alexa). ChatGPT, according to the common wisdom, stands out from other virtual assistants and has the potential to improve the way we interact with technology. Based on several queries conducted with ChatGPT to test its usefulness, we give an analysis of the results, which is followed by a discussion of the pros and cons of its use, with an emphasis on its usage in the educational context, in which students and teachers should be aware of the possibilities and limitations of LLMs.

Keywords: AI; ChatGPT; DeepL; LLM; machine learning; machine translation; SDL Trados.

TEACHİNG TURKİSH GRAMMAR BY USİNG CONTEMPORARY TURKISH POETRY TEXTS

Marija Leontik — 2024-08-24

Grammar materials play an important place when teaching and learning Turkish. Knowledge of grammar enables learners to grasp the rules of a language more quickly and to understand Turkish logic. When teaching Turkish grammar, the contemporary Turkish poetry that reflects Turkish culture can be effectively utilized. Using lines from Turkish poetry as examples for specific grammatical concepts enhances grammar lessons. This approach integrates grammar with Turkish poetry, which reveals the cultural values, sentiments, thoughts, and worldview of the society. Utilizing poetry in teaching grammar is crucial because poetry, as the oldest form of literature, mirrors both the material and spiritual culture of a society. Grammar materials play an important role in teaching and learning Turkish. Knowledge of grammar enables learners to grasp the rules of the language more quickly and to understand the logic of Turkish.

Keywords: grammar; Turkish language; poetry; Turkish poetry.

VALUES AND SKILLS GAINED BY STUDENTS IN TEACHING FOLK LITERATURE

Pıralı Alijev — 2024-08-24

Globalization puts national ideology and national reality, national identity and national development, the basic sources of statism and other important issues in danger. In the era of globalization, national ideology is going through an extremely complex process. In this context, it is important to protect national and moral values and protect national identity and national differences in the face of globalization. The "National Profile" we have developed aims to foster a strong cultural and moral environment both in the education system and for children and young people, thus increasing the resistance of this environment to external factors. Emphasizing national values is significant for middle and high school students, enabling them to critically assess the national and cultural values of other nations accurately. The education system of the Republic of Azerbaijan attaches great importance to school education (primary school, secondary school, high school). Literature courses are taught in 4443 schools at the secondary and high school levels. The course content consists of distinguished examples from Azerbaijani and world literature. At a time when global calls and threats show how important it is to protect our national identity, we emphasized the teaching of oral folk literature examples, which constitute the content of the literature course, with new methods. As a result, we expressed the necessity of a comprehensive, targeted and systematic arrangement of national, cultural and human values in the Literature course with new content, a new structure and a new perspective, and the implementation of this new method in the school was approved. Particularly in the preface, the importance of using correct tenses in terms of grammar should be emphasized.

Keywords: folk literature; secondary school; high school; students; national and cultural values; globalization; “National Profile”.

BUSINESS GERMAN IN GERMAN STUDIES PROGRAM: CURRICULUM DESIGN AND INTRODUCTION TO STUDY CONTENT

Ema Kristo — 2024-08-24

In recent years, the demand for Business German in the context of teaching German as a foreign language has seen significant growth, driven by the expanding international division of labor and the increasing economic interconnection in the wake of globalization. There is a strong interest in acquiring profession-relevant knowledge of the German language to become linguistically proficient in the professional sphere of the business world. In Albania as well, the implementation of Business German has been advanced, particularly at the Faculty of Human Sciences at Elbasan University. Business German is a mandatory subject within the curriculum of the German Studies program at the department mentioned above. This decision underscores the relevance and appreciation of the German language within the professional context, offering students a targeted preparation for the demands of business communication. The integration of Business German into the field of German Studies in Albania provides students with the opportunity to align their linguistic skills specifically with the realm of business. They gain a solid understanding of specialized terminology and communicative requirements within the economic environment, significantly enhancing their professional prospects. This development mirrors the need to cultivate skilled professionals with proficiency in Business German to engage in international enterprises and business relations. By focusing on the practical applicability of the German language in a professional context, graduates are better prepared for the challenges of the contemporary global job market, thereby enhancing their career opportunities both within Albania and on an international scale.

Keywords: Business German; Curriculum Development; Competencies; Intercultural Communication; Terminology.

ABOUT SEVERAL FEATURES OF THE SHORT STORIES IN “SKARBO” BY JADRANKA VLADOVA

Trajce Stameski — 2024-08-24

The text concludes several short stories from the collections “Skarbo in my Yard” (1986) and “Watermark” (1990) by Jadranka Vladova, jointly republished in “Skarbo” (2024) and dwells on the key poetic features of these short stories: an idea for intellectual humor, self-irony, minimalist thinking of the detail, the recognizable chronotope of the home, the living room, the yard, the nights at the Skopje Bit-pazar, the cinema, the library, etc. With the narrator's emotional and intimate relationship to the space, that prose is perceived as a magical setting of the imagination. Vladova transports the reader to the realm of fantastic and oneiric literature, but with a clear author's message that the most impossible dreams and wishes can only be achieved if they are sincerely wished upon and are derived from good intentions. For all the listed literary qualities, Vladova's short stories, both in an ethical and aesthetic sense, are a demonstration of an artistic narration of deep humanism in the early phase of postmodernism in Macedonian literature.

Keywords: short story; postmodernism; imagination; oneirism; poetics.

“THE EXISTENTIALISM IN THE NOVELS OF JEAN-PAUL SARTRE” BY DËFRIM SALIU

Isa Spahiu — 2024-08-24

The aim of Dëfrim Saliu’s book, "Existentialism in the Novels of Jean-Paul Sartre," is to convey the research and analysis of the textbook of the same name, with the purpose of presenting the concepts of existentialism through the works of Jean-Paul Sartre. The author chose Sartre because of prior familiarity with existentialism through the French writer Albert Camus and the inspiration received from Professor Avdi Visoka. Through this work, the author not only analyzes the life and works of Sartre but also connects his existentialism with French literature and philosophy. This book serves as an important resource for students and interested readers who want to gain a deep understanding of the philosophical and literary aspects of existentialism through the works of Jean-Paul Sartre.

Keywords: French literature; Jean-Paul Sartre; existentialism.