PALIMPSEST / ПАЛИМПСЕСТ

FOREWORD

Ranko Mladenoski — Sat, 12 Dec 2020 00:00:00 +0000

By publishing the tenth issue we complete the fifth year of existence of the international scientific journal Palimpsest. The published research and theoretical papers in the previous nine issues undoubtedly affirm the significant contribution in the development and advancement of research in philology in general, i.e. in linguistics, literary science, teaching methodology and culturology. This is due, above all, to the serious commitment of the editorial team of "Palimpsest" in preparing each paper and each issue of the journal, but also to the huge interest shown by our colleagues and researchers from Macedonia and abroad for cooperation with our international scientific journal and for publishing their scientific work. In this regard, as the Editor-in-Chief, I would like to express my deep gratitude to all the editors of „Palimpsest” and to all the authors who have offered their scientific research for publication in this journal.

FIGURATIVE PERSONAL PERIPHRASES IN THE MACEDONIAN STANDARD LANGUAGE

Violeta Janusheva — Sat, 12 Dec 2020 00:00:00 +0000

The personal periphrases represent a second nomination of the denotatum, i.e. they are a replacement of the direct name of the denotatum (the first nomination) with a narrative syntagm. These syntagm refers to one feature of the denotatum, which, according to the author’s text, is the one that distinguished him from the others. This paper aims to present the most frequently used semantic formulas for expressing the figurative personal periphrases in the Macedonian language. The research is qualitative and descriptive in nature. The corpus consists of 4 000 figurative personal periphrases excerpted from the language of the electronic newspapers issued in 2019. Analysis and synthesis are the methods for processing the data and reaching conclusions. The research results show that there are several semantic formulas for expressing the personal figurative periphrases in the Macedonian language which are informative, expressive and suggestive. In the same time, the results stress out that the inherent feature of the denotatum refers to two aspects: the function and the profession it has in the society. Finally, the results show that the most frequently used semantic formulas for expressing the personal figurative periphrases are the SF 1 and SF 2 which refer to the function that the denotatum has in the society and SF 2, SF 3, SF 4, SF 5, SF 7, SF 8 and SF 9 which are a combination of the profession and the author’s evaluation.

Keywords: figurative personal periphrases, semantic formulas, Macedonian language.

WORD GROUPS CONTAINING TITLE AND WORD GROUPS WITH A COMPOUND PERSONAL NAME IN TURKISH AND THEIR EQUIVALENCE IN MACEDONIAN LANGUAGE

Marija Leontik — Sat, 12 Dec 2020 00:00:00 +0000

A word group with a title (unvan grubu) is formed from a noun word and from a title, for ex. Yahya Bey / господин Јахја / Mister Jaxja. A word group with a compound personal name (birleşik isim grubu) is formed from at least two personal names. Ex. Yahya Kemal Beyatlı / Јахја Кемал Бејатл’ / Jaxja Kemal Bejatli. This paper analyzes word groups with a title and word groups with a compound personal name in Turkish language and their equivalence in Macedonian language.

Keywords: word group, title, compound personal name, Turkish, Macedonian.

THE PICTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES IN THE NOVEL “HARD TO BE A GOD” BY A. AND B. STRUGATSKY

Zarko Milenic — Sat, 12 Dec 2020 00:00:00 +0000

The article will examine how the authors Arkady and Boris Strugatsky created their own picture of the Middle Ages in the story “Hard to be a God” (1964). The events in the novel unfold on another planet with an unknown name, in the city Arkanar, the capital of the Arkanar kingdom. This planet is a part of the so-called World of Noon in literary pieces by Strugatsky Brothers and represents a special world that can be compared with the transitional stage between late feudalism and the Renaissance in the history of the Earth.

Keywords: Russian literature of the XX century, science fiction, A. and B. Strugatsky, Middle Ages.

THE CANTO OF VIOLENCE. READING «INFERNO» 12

Sandra Carapezza — Sat, 12 Dec 2020 00:00:00 +0000

The essay offers a reading of Inferno 12, in which Dante’s poetic tools are highlighted, aiming to build a landscape both realistic and full of moral significance. The relationship between Dante and Virgil is set as a pedagogical relationship but also as a comparison between the Christian poet and classical culture. It is a Canto that is marked by the guardians. Among the sinners there are great personalities of ancient and contemporary history, but Dante does name just some violent characters of the past and the present. The Centaurs are more important than the damned in the Canto. By placing the violent in a marginal position, Dante manifests his contempt for those sinners. Tyrants, killers and highwaymen are guilty of the evil that infests medieval cities. Inferno 12 can also be interpreted as a denunciation of the violence of the present.

Keywords: Inferno, violence, Centaurs, tyrants, Minotaur, Dante, rationality.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PRIVATE AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS FOR THE URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF THE CITY CORE OF SKOPJE

Petar Namichev, Ekaterina Namicheva — Sat, 12 Dec 2020 00:00:00 +0000

Different parts of the city have different meanings, forming in the same way as the recognizable urban parts. The justification of these meanings is not solid, it can be sought in various sources. Initially, these meanings stem from social history through a sense of shared cultural sediment. At the beginning of the 20th century, we detect certain parameters for creating a specific core of the city of Skopje. During this period, various interpretations of the new tendencies appear, pointing to different possibilities and methods for achieving results. We note the presence of a specific stylistic formation that is generally defined by the term “academism”. With the development of academism in the interwar period, foreign architects will contribute to the overall architectural image, who through their compositions have created different variants of academism. This paper examines the different academic compositions through the analysis of public and private buildings that have contributed to the development of the central city core in the city of Skopje.

Keywords: public space, private space, central core, academism.

«THE ROLE OF ANXIETY IN L2/LS LEARNING»

Marika Strano — Sat, 12 Dec 2020 00:00:00 +0000

The role of the anxiety in learning an L2 / LS is often an underestimated problem not so much by educational linguistics and language teaching theorists, as by L2/LS teachers. This article aims to underline and demonstrate that this psychological variable can influence the results of an L2/ LS learner in different situations, such as the class context, the interactions with friends, colleagues and teachers. After an exposure and an analysis of the limited bibliographic references, this article tries to propose some language teaching approaches and methods that aim to reduce this insidious problem. Another purpose of this article is also to underline the fundamental role that the correction of errors has in any class context, a thorny issue much debated both by language teaching and by educational linguistics. Finally, the article treats the problem of the anxiety in an evaluation context. At the final part of the article, a list of possible practical techniques capable of reducing, if not eliminating, the apprehension of learners within their class context and in contact with the L2/LS they are learning.

Keywords: L2/LS learning, anxiety, stress, classcontext, evaluation context.

CONTRİBUTİON OF RİDDLES TO MENTAL DEVELOPMENT İN MACEDONİAN, ALBANİAN AND TURKİSH TEXTBOOKS İN PRİMARY EDUCATİON FROM 1-5 GRADES İN MACEDONİA

Ümit Süleymani — Sat, 12 Dec 2020 00:00:00 +0000

Folk literature products are a cultural treasure for children. Riddles are one of the most important types of children's folklore. Riddles contribute to children's language, perception and mental development. Riddles create literary aesthetic pleasure in children and improves kids' sentence building skills. It introduces children to the vocabulary of the mother tongue and enriches the vocabulary of children. It contributes to the intelligence development and language awareness of children, and is one of the best examples of cultural transfer. Therefore, Macedonian, Albanian and Turkish textbooks and teaching programs in primary education from 1-5 grades in Macedonia were evaluated in terms of riddles.

Keywords: Riddle, child, mother tongue, curriculum, primary school.

THE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND THE IMPORTANCE OF FAMILY FOR THE SOCIETY THAT THINKS, AND PRODUCES SOLUTIONS

Osman Emin — Sat, 12 Dec 2020 00:00:00 +0000

While determining the educational goals of our children during the school period, it is not possible to think of the child alone, the child is a whole with its family. As an educator, if we aim for successful school education, we have to create goals that involve parents, include family education and give it importance. To participate in pre-school education, parents should be informed about the program by the school which should be provided in written form. To provide a beneficial education, first, it is necessary to establish positive communication with the families. Positive communication with families does not happen all at once but can take place at different times in each family. Informing parents through family support programs, providing new skills and counseling for their problems improves the relationship dynamics within the family, and accelerates the development of the child. Pre-school education, is an educational process which is planned and programmed. If the education is aimed to continue at home, while preparing the pre-school education program, not only the child but the family should be considered within the program as well. For this reason, it was stated that ensuring school-family cooperation is important in terms of developing desired behaviors of the child. To ensure the continued active participation of families in planning and practice, it was also emphasized that families should be constantly informed about what is being done at school.

Keywords: preschool, school, family involvement, education.

THE “UNBEARABLE SIMPLICITY” OF THE PAIN (TO THE POETRY BOOK “I WILL COVER MYSELF IN POEMS” BY SNEZANA STOJCEVSKA)

Lusi Karanikolova-Chochorovska — Sat, 12 Dec 2020 00:00:00 +0000

This paper aims to present the poetry from the collection of poems “I will cover myself in songs” by the young and already successful Macedonian poet Snezana Stojcevska. It is an autobiographical book dedicated to her father, in which honestly and realistically describes the poet's intimate experiences of the great loss - the death of her parent. The emphasis is on the structure of the book of poems, the “ease” of expressing unbearable pain and the few metaphors: wind, sea, border, the hidden metaphor of the root, tear, soul, “a straw man”. The main trump card of this poetry, in our opinion is the sincerity, the unusual, otherwise immanent for Stojcevska easy poetic expression and, of course, the specific, unique way of poetic shaping of the universe - the pain of losing the Father which is almost identical for everyone who has passed through such an experience.

Keywords: Father, death, pain, metaphor, ease of saying, loss.

CONTRASTIVE GRAMMAR OF A TWO UNRELATED LANGUAGES (“CONTRASTIVE GRAMMAR OF TURKISH AND MACEDONIAN LANGUAGE” BY MARIJA LEONTIK)

Marija Grkova — Sat, 12 Dec 2020 00:00:00 +0000

The textbook “Contrastive Grammar of Turkish and Macedonian” by Marija Leontik was published in 2018. This textbook is primarily intended for the subject The Contrastive Analysis of Turkish and Macedonian language, which is mandatory for students in the first semester of the Group for Turkish Language and Literature at the Faculty of Philology, University “Goce Delchev” in Stip. The content of the grammar for both languages is presented in 220 pages divided mainly into three basic chapters: Phonetics and Phonology, Morphology and Morphosyntax and Syntax, and at the end of the Grammar are added dictionaries for grammar and linguistic terms in Turkish – Macedonian – English language and in Macedonian – Turkish – English language. The textbook also includes content, preface, list of abbreviations used in the textbook, used literature and biography of the author, and each basic chapter is further divided into several essential titles and subtitles in the field of writing.

Keywords: Contrasting grammar of Turkish and Macedonian, agglutinative language, inflectional language, teaching, dictionaries, students.