Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences
type: channel
description: Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences (ЈАРЅ) is an international journal for publication of scientific, professional and applicative achievements in agriculture and plant sciences. The journal is publishing original research papers, review articles, short communications, professional and technical papers and book reviews. The journal is publishing results from fundamental, applicative and technical research in broader area of agricultural and plant sciences.
publisher: GOCE DELCEV UNIVERSITY, STIP, FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
language: en
publication name: Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences
issn: 2545-4447
copyright: The intellectual property and copyright on the original content of all scientific contributions in the published paper shall remain with the authors. Authors give permission to the JAPS owner to publish the paper. All authors agree to publish the paper under Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
items: DETERMINATION OF FREE HYDROCYANIC ACID IN HOMEMADE FRUIT BRANDIES
items: THE SUCCINATE DEHIDROGENASE INHIBITOR FUNGICIDES: FUNGAL RESISTANCE AND ITS MANAGEMENT
items: USING MINERALS AS TRACERS FOR FUNCTIONAL VEGETABLES AND FRUITS
items: Journal Editor Board, Content and Editor Introduction
items: AGROCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SOILS FROM THE OVCHE POLE VINE DISTRICT: A CASE STUDY FROM TRI CESHMI AND DOLNO TROGERCI
items: CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TOBACCO SOILS IN THE PRILEP REGION: ENVIRONMENTAL AND AGRICULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
items: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CARBON FARMING AND CONVENTIONAL SYSTEMS IN CORN AND SUNFLOWER CULTIVATION: CASE STUDY IN NORTH MACEDONIA
items: MICROBIOLOGICAL GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN SHALLOW WELLS BEFORE AND AFTER DISINFECTION WITH PERACETIC ACID
items: THE QUINONE OUTSIDE INHIBITOR FUNGICIDES, A PERSPECTIVE GROUP OF PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS
items: INFLUENCE OF VARIETY AND VINTAGE ON THE BASIC PHUSICO-CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SMEDEREVKA AND VRANEC WINES
items: ERADICATING VARROA MITES (VARROA DESTRUCTOR) BY SPRAYING CLOVE TEA
items: Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum - CAUSAL AGENT OF SOFT ROT OF PEPPERS PRODUCED IN THE STRUMICA REGION
items: MICROBIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TRADITIONALLY PRODUCED APPLE, BLACKTHORN, HAWTHORN AND PEAR VINEGAR
items: IN VITRO EVALUATION OF SOIL Bacillus STRAINS ISOLATED FROM THE BUCIM COPPER MINE FOR BIOCONTROL AGAINST GRAPEVINE DOWNY MILDEW
items: WATER QUALITY OF KOSELSKA RIVER AND OHRID LAKE IN THE DALJAN REGION
items: YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS IN SOME WHEAT VARIETIES (Triticum aestivum L.) GROWN IN KOCANI REGION
items: MONITORING OF ACTIVE AND TITRATABLE ACIDITY IN WHITE BRINED CHEESE DURING RIPENNING PERIOD
items: COMPARATIVE COST ANALYSIS OF SOIL CARBON DETERMINATION USING TOC ANALYZER vs. WALKLEY-BLACK METHOD
items: REMOTE MANAGEMENT IN SYSTEMS FOR IRRIGATION OF SOLAR ENERGY BUNARIES IN THE VITICULTURE
items: INTRODUCTION AND DETERMINATION OF NEW TOMATO HYBRIDS
items: ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG BARLEY VARIETIES WITH DIFFERENT ORIGIN USING SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEAT (SSR) MARKERS
items: BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF GREEN MOULD DISEASE AND MUSHROOM FLY USING BIOFUNGICIDE BACILLUS SUBTILIS CH-13 AND BOTANICAL INSECTICIDE AZADIRACHTIN (TECHNICAL SOLUTION)
items: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MADŽUN (grape molasses) PRODUCED FROM VRANEC GRAPE VARIETY BY TRADITIONAL AND INDUSTRIAL TECHNIQUES
items: THE PRESENCE OF Escherichia coli and Enterococcus IN THE WATER OF THE FIFTH CANAL AND BLACK RIVER NEAR BITOLA
items: Journal Editor Board, Content and Editor Invited Introduction
items: SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF COLD PRESSED SUNFLOWER OIL WITH THE ADDITION OF AROMATIC HERBS
items: OLEOGELS – AN ALTERNATIVE TO REPLACE ANIMAL FATS IN MEAT PRODUCTS
items: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOME AUTOCHTHONOUS FRUIT SPECIES FROM MACEDONIA

DETERMINATION OF FREE HYDROCYANIC ACID IN HOMEMADE FRUIT BRANDIES
type: item
description: Fruit brandy is a traditional alcoholic beverage widely consumed in the Republic of N. Macedonia and other Balkan countries, produced by distillation of fermented fruits such as plum, apricot, quince and apple, using either homemade or industrial methods. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of 24 homemade fruit brandy samples by determining the content of free hydrocyanic acid (HCN), a potentially toxic compound. HCN is formed during alcoholic fermentation as a result of enzymatic hydrolysis of cyanogenic glycosides naturally present in fruit seeds. The quantification of free HCN was performed spectrophotometrically using König reaction, a colorimetric method based on the formation of cyanogen chloride, which reacts with pyridine and barbituric acid to form a stable pink complex with maximum absorbance at 580 nm. results were recalculated to a 100% v/v ethanol basis to allowed comparison with the EU legal limit of 70 mg/L. All samples were within the permissible safety threshold. The highest HCN concentration were found in apricot and apple brandies (up to 9.81 mg/L), while plum and quince brandies contained significantly lower levels. A moderate correlation was observed between HCN levels and several chemical parameters, including methanol, aldehydes, ethanol, total esters, furfural and fusel alcohols. These results suggest that fruit type, fermentation conditions and the extend of seed contact during the preparation of the fruit mash prior to fermentation play a critical role in HCN formation. This highlights the importance of controlled processing practices to ensure the safety of traditional fruit brandies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: fruit brandies
  topic: keywords
subject: free hydrocyanic acid
  topic: keywords
subject: spectrophotometry
  topic: keywords
creator: Aleksandar Piperevski
creator: Violeta Dimovska
creator: Atanas Runchev
creator: Dejan Milanov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Aleksandar Piperevski, Violeta Dimovska, Atanas Runchev, Dejan Milanov
date: 2025-09-02
publication date: 2025-09-02
starting page: 69
ending page: 82
doi: 10.46763/JAPS2523169p

THE SUCCINATE DEHIDROGENASE INHIBITOR FUNGICIDES: FUNGAL RESISTANCE AND ITS MANAGEMENT
type: item
description: Effective disease management is essential to mitigate the rapid emergence of resistant pathogen populations. An important group of fungicides that play a pivotal role in the integrated management systems, among others, also because of their low environmental toxicity, are succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, which act by binding to the mitochondrial complex II of the respiratory system. Unlike first-generation SDHIs (e.g., carboxin and oxycarboxin), which exhibit high efficacy against basidiomycetes, newer compounds in this class (e.g., cyclobutrifluram, furametpyr, and inpyrfluxam) demonstrate broad-spectrum activity against a wide range of fungal species. However, their repeated and inadequate application strategies, can exert strong selection pressure, favoring the development of resistant fungal genotypes, which may ultimately compromise fungicide efficacy. This review examines both historical and recent advancements in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying SDHI resistance, as well as other factors influencing the evolution of resistance. In addition, we provide insights into strategies for the effective use of newly developed SDHI molecules and highlight key research directions for combating resistance in the future.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: SDHI fungicides
  topic: keywords
subject: resistance
  topic: keywords
subject: plant protection
  topic: keywords
subject: mode of action
  topic: keywords
subject: fungicidal activity
  topic: keywords
creator: Biljana Kovacevik
creator: Sasa Mitrev
creator: Emilija Arsov
creator: Natalija Markova Ruzdik
creator: Daniela Todevska
creator: Fidanka Trajkova
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Biljana Kovacevik, Sasa Mitrev, Emilija Arsov, Natalija Markova Ruzdik, Daniela Todevska, Fidanka Trajkova
date: 2025-09-02
publication date: 2025-09-02
starting page: 41
ending page: 54
doi: 10.46763/JAPS2523141k

USING MINERALS AS TRACERS FOR FUNCTIONAL VEGETABLES AND FRUITS
type: item
description: This study investigates the elemental composition of a diverse selection of fruits and vegetables collected from the Vinica region in eastern North Macedonia, aiming to evaluate the use of minerals as tracers for identifying functional properties in plant-based foods. A total of 27 plant species were analyzed, including commonly consumed fruits (orange, grapes, melon, banana, apple, kiwi, pomegranate and others) and vegetables (carrot, spinach, broccoli, beetroot, arugula, ginger and others), using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Concentrations of 34 elements, from essential nutrients (K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Se) to potentially toxic trace elements (Pb, Cd, As, Hg), were quantified. Descriptive statistics and multivariate techniques, such as factor and cluster analysis, were applied to explore patterns of mineral association, inter- and intra-species variability, and differentiation between fruit and vegetable groups. The results revealed clear differences in mineral content, with leafy and root vegetables showing higher levels of macro-elements and trace metals, while fruits were richer in elements linked to reproductive and metabolic functions. Mineral clustering revealed co-association trends influenced by botanical, physiological, and environmental factors. These findings highlight the utility of elemental composition as a reliable indicator for evaluating nutritional value, functional potential, and geographic provenance of plant-based foods.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: fruits and vegetables, trace elements, food traceability, elemental profiling, mineral composition, ICP-MS, multivariate analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Lolita Spirova
creator: Biljana Balabanova
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Lolita Spirova, Biljana Balabanova
date: 2025-09-02
publication date: 2025-09-02
starting page: 83
ending page: 95
doi: 10.46763/JAPS2523183s

Journal Editor Board, Content and Editor Introduction
type: item
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
creator: Liljana Koleva Gudeva
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-09-02
publication date: 2025-09-02
starting page: 1
ending page: 10
doi: 10.46763/JAPS25231

AGROCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SOILS FROM THE OVCHE POLE VINE DISTRICT: A CASE STUDY FROM TRI CESHMI AND DOLNO TROGERCI
type: item
description: This study provides a physicochemical, and agrochemical characterization of vineyard soils in the Ovche Pole Vine District, located within the Povardarie Wine Region of North Macedonia. Two representative vineyard locations, Tri Cheshmi and Dolno Trogerci, were selected for comparative assessment based on their contrasting geological conditions. The analysis focused on key soil parameters, including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), organic carbon (OC), calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content, texture, as well as available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). The soils in Tri Cheshmi, developed over Neogene lacustrine sediments rich in marl and calcareous clay, showed alkaline pH, moderate carbonate levels and elevated EC, reflecting a strong pedogenic influence from the carbonate-rich parent material. In contrast, the soils in Dolno Trogerci, formed by colluvial-alluvial deposits with contributions from volcanic and metamorphic rocks from the Vardar zone, showed greater textural variability and higher levels of CaCO3 content. The semi-arid climate of the region, characterized by hot, dry summers and moderately cold winters, further shapes soil development and fertility. This study provides a basic understanding of the physicochemical and nutrient-related soil properties in the Ovche Pole Vine District and supports the development of site-specific sustainable vineyard management practices.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ovche Pole Vine District
  topic: keywords
subject: Povardarie Wine region
  topic: keywords
subject: vineyard soils
  topic: keywords
subject: physico-chemical properties
  topic: keywords
creator: Aleksandar Piperevski
creator: Biljana Balabanova
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Aleksandar Piperevski, Biljana Balabanova
date: 2025-09-02
publication date: 2025-09-02
starting page: 55
ending page: 68
doi: 10.46763/JAPS2523155p

CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TOBACCO SOILS IN THE PRILEP REGION: ENVIRONMENTAL AND AGRICULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
type: item
description: The quality of the soil plays a fundamental role in agricultural productivity, particularly in tobacco cultivation, where both high yields and superior leaf quality are essential. The elemental composition of the soil, in particular the balance between essential nutrients and the presence of potentially toxic elements, plays a crucial role in shaping soil quality and influencing overall plant health and development. In this study, the soil quality in the Prilep region in North Macedonia, the main cultivation area for oriental tobacco, is investigated. During the 2021 and 2022 growing seasons, soil samples were collected from selected tobacco fields and analyzed using ICP-MS to determine the concentrations of selected macro and microelements (K, Mg, Fe, and Na) as well as potentially toxic elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn). In addition to elemental analysis, several key agrochemical properties were also assessed: organic matter content (ranging from low to moderate), total nitrogen content (0.03–0.14%), soil pH (mean 6.55, indicating slightly acidic to neutral conditions), the availability of essential nutrients (phosphorus and potassium), the physical structure of the soils (classified as medium loam), and clay content (20.6% to 58.7%). The content of macro- and microelements were closely related to the geological and pedological characteristics of the region. The concentration of potentially toxic elements remained below the internationally accepted thresholds for heavy metals in agricultural soils, indicating a low risk of contamination and confirming the suitability of these soils for sustainable tobacco cultivation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: soil, tobacco fields, macroelements, microelements, potentially toxic elements, ICP-MS
  topic: keywords
creator: Bojana Dimovska Gonovska
creator: Biljana Jordanoska Shishkoska
creator: Trajče Stafilov
creator: Valentina Pelivanoska
creator: Claudiu Tănăselia
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Bojana Dimovska Gonovska, Biljana Jordanoska Shishkoska, Trajče Stafilov, Valentina Pelivanoska, Claudiu Tănăselia
date: 2025-09-02
publication date: 2025-09-02
starting page: 33
ending page: 40
doi: 10.46763/JAPS2523133dg

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CARBON FARMING AND CONVENTIONAL SYSTEMS IN CORN AND SUNFLOWER CULTIVATION: CASE STUDY IN NORTH MACEDONIA
type: item
description: This study conducts a comparative evaluation of carbon farming versus conventional agricultural systems in corn (Zea mays L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivation, examining their impacts on soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics alongside other soil properties during the 2024–2025 growing season. Soil samples were collected at three critical stages—vegetation onset, midseason, and harvest—to quantify total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) under each management regime. Results reveal that carbon farming consistently and significantly enhanced TOC and TN compared to conventional agriculture. In corn plots, carbon farming induced a progressive accumulation of both TOC and TN, driven by increased organic matter inputs and stimulated microbial activity—trends consistent with established organic amendment outcomes. Sunflower plots exhibited a delayed but notable increase in soil C and N, likely reflecting the crop’s high nutrient uptake and distinct biomass turnover patterns. Conversely, conventional management displayed stable or declining TOC and TN trends, underscoring the adverse impacts of reliance on synthetic inputs on soil fertility . These findings highlight carbon farming's effectiveness in enhancing soil health by improving nutrient retention and increasing organic matter, aligning with climate-smart and regenerative agriculture principles . In summary, carbon farming presents a promising strategy for boosting soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in cereal and oilseed production systems, offering co-benefits for soil fertility and climate mitigation. Its implementation may advance sustainable crop production and long-term soil resilience.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: carbon farming, conventional agriculture, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, corn, sunflower, agroecological practices, soil fertility, climate-smart agriculture, sustainable soil management
  topic: keywords
creator: Biljana Balabanova
creator: Verica Ilieva
creator: Sasa Mitrev
creator: Blagoja Mukanov
creator: Mario Petkovski
creator: Jovana Milosavljeva
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Biljana Balabanova, Verica Ilieva, Sasa Mitrev, Blagoja Mukanov, Mario Petkovski, Jovana Milosavljeva
date: 2025-09-02
publication date: 2025-09-02
starting page: 19
ending page: 32
doi: 10.46763/JAPS2523119b

MICROBIOLOGICAL GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN SHALLOW WELLS BEFORE AND AFTER DISINFECTION WITH PERACETIC ACID
type: item
description: The microbiological examination of water is used worldwide to monitor and control the quality and safety of various types of water. Peracetic acid (PAA) has garnered increasing attention as an alternative oxidant and disinfectant in water treatment due to the rising demand to reduce chlorine usage and control disinfection byproducts. The main aim of the research was to assess the well water microbiological quality before and after disinfection with PAA. The water samples were taken from 5 wells in the rural areas of Probishtip and Kocani regions of North Macedonia. Sampling was conducted twice (before and after disinfection) per season during the four seasons of the year. Water samples from 5 shallow wells were analysed for microbiological parameters using reference methods. The results were compared with the quality of control water and the permissible values according to the national legislation. Water quality parameters indicated that all well water samples failed to meet safe drinking water limits. A significant improvement in the microbiological quality of the water was observed during the seasons when a PAA working solution with concentrations of 0.05% and 0.1% was used. The regression statistical model revealed that disinfection with PAA and the seasonal variation in its concentration had a statistically significant influence on the microbiological quality of well water (p<0.001). Identification and management of groundwater quality are of utmost importance for maintaining freshwater resources, which are essential for sustainable rural development.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: water
  topic: keywords
subject: biological contaminants
  topic: keywords
subject: microbial safety
  topic: keywords
subject: risk management
  topic: keywords
creator: Ankica Anastasova
creator: Dimitar Nakov
creator: Aco Kuzelov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ankica Anastasova, Dimitar Nakov, Aco Kuzelov
date: 2025-09-02
publication date: 2025-09-02
starting page: 11
ending page: 18
doi: 10.46763/JAPS2523111a

THE QUINONE OUTSIDE INHIBITOR FUNGICIDES, A PERSPECTIVE GROUP OF PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS
type: item
description: Effective disease management is essential to mitigate the rapid emergence of resistant pathogen populations. An important group of fungicides that play a pivotal role in the integrated management systems, among others, also because of their low environmental toxicity, are succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, which act by binding to the mitochondrial complex II of the respiratory system. Unlike first-generation SDHIs (e.g., carboxin and oxycarboxin), which exhibit high efficacy against basidiomycetes, newer compounds in this class (e.g., cyclobutrifluram, furametpyr, and inpyrfluxam) demonstrate broad-spectrum activity against a wide range of fungal species. However, their repeated and inadequate application strategies, can exert strong selection pressure, favoring the development of resistant fungal genotypes, which may ultimately compromise fungicide efficacy. This review examines both historical and recent advancements in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying SDHI resistance, as well as other factors influencing the evolution of resistance. In addition, it provides an insight into strategies for the effective use of newly developed SDHI molecules and highlights key research directions for combating resistance in the future.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Biljana Kovacevik
creator: Sasa Mitrev
creator: Emilija Arsov
creator: Natalija Markova Ruzdik
creator: Daniela Todevska
creator: Fidanka Trajkova
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences
date: 2025-01-27
publication date: 2025-01-27
starting page: 25
ending page: 37
doi: 10.46763/JAPS2422225k

INFLUENCE OF VARIETY AND VINTAGE ON THE BASIC PHUSICO-CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SMEDEREVKA AND VRANEC WINES
type: item
description: In this study, Smederevka and Vranec wines from V. vinifera L. cv., the most important and dominant varieties in Macedonia, have been produced in 6 (six) consecutive years applying traditional fermentation methods, in order to study the influence of variety and vintage on the general basic wine quality. The physico-chemical parameters that confirm the basic wine quality have been determined, including alcohol, specific gravity at 20°C, dry extract, reducing sugars, total and volatile acidity, pH, free and total SO2. The results showed that variety significantly affected the chemical composition of wines, presenting higher contents of alcohol, density and dry extract for Vranec wines, while Smederevka wines were richer with total acids and contained higher amount of total SO2. In addition, slight influence of vintage was noticed for both varieties, especially on the alcohol, specific gravity and dry extract contents, for which highest values were noticed in vintage 2017 in Vranec wines, while for Smederevka wines, values were highest in vintage 2020. Principal component analysis showed a clear separation of the wines according to the variety.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Violeta Ivanova Petropulos
creator: Ile Ilievski
creator: Štefan Ailer
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences
date: 2025-01-27
publication date: 2025-01-27
starting page: 87
ending page: 95
doi: 10.46763/JAPS2422287ip

ERADICATING VARROA MITES (VARROA DESTRUCTOR) BY SPRAYING CLOVE TEA
type: item
description: This study is a field experiment of using clove tea as an effective treatment against varroa mites (Varroa destructor), by spraying the tea directly on all the frames in the beehive. Two experiments were conducted, one for 14 weeks, with an application of clove tea once every 2 weeks and the other for 8 weeks with an application once per week. In both experiments after 6 applications, the tea-treated varroa-infected beehives were completely varroa-free, concluding complete eradication.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Konstantin Petreski
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences
date: 2025-01-27
publication date: 2025-01-27
starting page: 81
ending page: 85
doi: 10.46763/JAPS2422281p

Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum - CAUSAL AGENT OF SOFT ROT OF PEPPERS PRODUCED IN THE STRUMICA REGION
type: item
description: Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (formerly Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora) is a plant pathogen that causes soft and stem rot diseases in several economically important vegetables such as carrot, cabbage, cucumber, eggplant, garlic, onion, pepper, potato, radish, sweet potato, squash and tomato, where the disease can be detected in the field, transmit, storage and market. Agricultural producers face many challenges in trying to grow crops and ensure stable, high-quality yields. The risk factors involved in agricultural production include climatic conditions, the occurrence of diseases, pests, and weeds. During our field observation, we examined the production of pepper, its economic and nutritional value, and the factors contributing to its decline. Our primary focus is the present status of diseases in pepper, specifically the occurrence of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, the causative agent of bacterial soft rot. P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum is a well-known plant pathogen that causes severe soft rot disease in various crops, resulting in significant economic loss. The aim of this study is to highlight the economic importance of the bacterial agent responsible for soft rot in peppers grown in the open fields in Strumica region. For this purpose, standard bacteriological tests were performed. These tests confirmed the pathogenic, morphological, biochemical, physiological, and growth properties of the pathogen, compared with the control strain KFB85 from the Republic of Serbia.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Kristina Panev
creator: Emilija Arsov
creator: Sasa Mitrev
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences
date: 2025-01-27
publication date: 2025-01-27
starting page: 73
ending page: 79
doi: 10.46763/JAPS2422273p

MICROBIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TRADITIONALLY PRODUCED APPLE, BLACKTHORN, HAWTHORN AND PEAR VINEGAR
type: item
description: The aim of this paper is to determine the quality of vinegars through microbiological and chemical properties using simple chemical and microbiological analysis in different types of vinegar from apple (Malus sp.), blackthorn, (Prunus spinosa L.), hawthorn (Crataegus sp.) and pear (Pyrus sp.) obtained in a traditional manner. The amount of acetic acid in vinegar in this investigation varied between 0.72% to 4.5% for the samples. In apple vinegar, the total number of bacteria amounts to 16 cfu/mL, consists of only acetic bacteria, contains 4.0% acetic acid and has 3.25 pH value. In the samples of blackthorn and hawthorn vinegar, a very small number (6 cfu/mL and 5 cfu/mL respectively) of acetic bacteria was present. Also, a low acidity (pH about 1.0) was found and microscopy revealed Gram (+) rod-shaped asporogenous bacteria (41 cfu/mL in blackthorn and 35 cfu/mL in hawthorn vinegar) and a near absence of acetic bacteria. Hence, samples of blackthorn and hawthorn vinegar were found to undergo no acetic fermentation process at all, meaning the final product is not vinegar. In pear vinegar, the total number of bacteria is 25 cfu/mL and acetic bacteria 16 cfu/mL, it has the highest percentage of acetic acid (4.5%). Yeast cells were observed under the microscope which is characteristic of alcoholic fermentation. Due to it, the process of obtaining the final product goes in an unwanted direction. А very high negative correlation between pH and acetic acid was determined and between the total number of bacteria and the number of acetic bacteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Milena Taseska-Gjorgjijevski
creator: Ana Selamovska
creator: Olga Najdenovska
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences
date: 2025-02-11
publication date: 2025-02-11
starting page: 53
ending page: 61
doi: 10.46763/JAPS2422253n

IN VITRO EVALUATION OF SOIL Bacillus STRAINS ISOLATED FROM THE BUCIM COPPER MINE FOR BIOCONTROL AGAINST GRAPEVINE DOWNY MILDEW
type: item
description: Plasmopara viticola, the disease that causes grapevine downy mildew, is a major and enduring concern for the grapevine industry globally. It’s challenging to manage using chemical and agricultural methods. For the wine-growing industry, several countries, including North Macedonia, have reoriented their strategies in order to reduce chemical inputs, which have been shown to be toxic and to have a negative impact on the environment. Instead, they are replacing these chemicals with sustainable biocontrol regulations. Bacillus spp. is a well-known plant-protective bacteria with antifungal potential in biocontrol strategies. The aim of this study was to isolate and screen soil Bacillus strains from the Bucim Copper Mine in four seasons with potential applications for biocontrol of this disease. The highest number (3.2 x 105 CFUg-1) of Bacillus spp. was found in autumn, while the lowest number (2.8 x 102 CFUg-1) was found in winter. Out of 18 isolates, 4 showed antifungal activity against Plasmopara viticola. The intracellular metabolites of the isolates B1-19, B2-3, B3-2, B3-4 showed maximum inhibition of 20-32 mm, while only the extracellular extract of the isolate B1-19 showed maximum inhibition of 25 mm against Plasmopara viticola. The moisture content values ranged from 0.9-8.5 % and the pH value ranged from 7.11 – 7.58. The total organic matter values ranged from 4.47 to 4.99 %. Due to the antifungal potential as biological control agents against grape downy mildew, the isolates are expected to enhance integrated pest management systems going forward and maybe reduce the quantity of chemical fungicides used in vineyards.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Natalija Atanasova-Pancevska
creator: Dzoko Kungulovski
creator: Denica Angelovska
creator: Lina Mirkovik
creator: Martina Stojanoska
creator: Ognen Boskovski
creator: Sofija Kostandinovska
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences
date: 2025-01-27
publication date: 2025-01-27
starting page: 9
ending page: 14
doi: 10.46763/JAPS2422209ap

WATER QUALITY OF KOSELSKA RIVER AND OHRID LAKE IN THE DALJAN REGION
type: item
description: The aim of this paper is to examine the state and quality of the water from Koselska river, as well as its influence on the quality of water in the coastal zone, more precisely where the mouth of the river flows into the lake. Also, the goal of this research was to look at the nature and degree of possible water pollution, due to anthropogenic influence, based on the results obtained from the testing of microbiological and physio-chemical parameters, which would make it possible to predict and recommend remedial measures and minimize pollution. To correctly interpret the results of the microbiological analysis of water, physical and chemical tests of water temperature and BOD5 were also performed. The microbiological examination included testing the composition and dynamics of heterotrophic, psychrophilic and mesophilic bacteria, determining the index of mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria (M/P), the index of facultative oligotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria (FO/X), as well as the total number of coliform bacteria. It was determined that the representation and abundance of all types of microorganisms is higher in the river water than in the lake water. The total number of bacteria from Daljan region is greater in the summer period compared to other periods of the year. Likewise, consistently high values ​​of the number of coliform bacteria were determined in the two types of water. Based on the results obtained in this research, it was determined that the water from the river affects the quality, health and safety of the water in Ohrid Lake.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Olga Najdenovska
creator: Jovana Taneska
creator: Ana Selamovska
creator: Milena Taseska-Gjorgjijevski
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences
date: 2025-02-11
publication date: 2025-02-11
starting page: 63
ending page: 71
doi: 10.46763/JAPS2422263n

YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS IN SOME WHEAT VARIETIES (Triticum aestivum L.) GROWN IN KOCANI REGION
type: item
description: The purpose of this research was to study the yield and yield components in seven wheat varieties grown under the soil-climatic conditions of Kochani region. As an experimental material were used six introduced varieties (Rajna, Igra, Epoha, Falado, Grivna and Pobeda) and one domestic variety (Mila). The field trial was conducted in 2022/23 growing season, in randomized block design with three replications. The grain yield, plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, grains weight per spike, weight of 1000 grains, number of spikes per m2 and the biological yield were analyzed. Analysis of variance showed high genetic variability and significant differences between the examined varieties for all studied properties. The highest average grain yield was obtained by Falado variety (0,68 kg/m2). Also, this variety showed the highest average value for the grains weight per spike (2,49 g), weight of 1000 grains (43,0 g) and biological yield (3,1 kg/m2). The variety Falado was followed by Grivna variety which had the highest value for number of spikes per m2 (1380 spike per m2) and number of grains per spike (64,86). High values of genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation (GCV and PCV) were noted for grain yield, biological yield, grains weight per spike, number of grains per spike, spike length, which indicate high variability between tested genotypes. All examined traits showed high heritability. The grain yield was in positive significant correlation with grains weight per spike (r=0,928) and number of grains per spike (r=0,793). High values of genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation (GCV and PCV) were noted for grain yield, biological yield, grains weight per spike, number of grains per spike, spike length, which indicate high variability between tested genotypes. All examined traits showed high heritability. The grain yield was in positive significant correlation with grains weight per spike (r=0,928) and n…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Ivan Minov
creator: Verica Ilieva
creator: Natalija Markova Ruzdik
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences
date: 2025-01-27
publication date: 2025-01-27
starting page: 45
ending page: 51
doi: 10.46763/JAPS2422245m

MONITORING OF ACTIVE AND TITRATABLE ACIDITY IN WHITE BRINED CHEESE DURING RIPENNING PERIOD
type: item
description: This study investigates the dynamics of active and titratable acidity in white brined cheese throughout its ripening period. Monitoring these parameters is crucial for understanding the biochemical changes that influence the cheese's flavor, texture, and overall quality. Using standard analytical methods, we measured pH and titratable acidity at regular intervals during the ripening process. The results indicated a significant decrease in pH, coupled with an increase in titratable acidity, reflecting the ongoing microbial and enzymatic activities. These changes were correlated with the development of desirable organoleptic properties. The findings provide valuable insights for cheese producers to optimize ripening conditions, ensuring consistent product quality. This research highlights the importance of acidity monitoring as a critical control point in cheese production.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Borche Makarijoski
creator: Blagojce Najdovski
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences
date: 2025-01-27
publication date: 2025-01-27
starting page: 39
ending page: 43
doi: 10.46763/JAPS2422239m

COMPARATIVE COST ANALYSIS OF SOIL CARBON DETERMINATION USING TOC ANALYZER vs. WALKLEY-BLACK METHOD
type: item
description: Soil carbon measurement is critical for understanding soil health, fertility, and the role of soils in global carbon cycling and climate change mitigation. Two widely used methods for determining soil organic carbon (SOC) are the Walkley-Black method and the use of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analyzers. Each method has unique strengths and limitations, making them suitable for different applications depending on accuracy, cost, and available resources. This study compares the costs associated with both techniques, including capital investment, consumables, labor, maintenance, and waste disposal. Moreover, the quality assurance comparative analyses have been applied as well, assuming the basic reference criteria, such as: precision, accuracy and uncertainty of the measurements. Data from multiple laboratories and sample scales are used to develop a comprehensive cost model. The analysis highlights the trade-offs between precision, scalability, and cost-effectiveness, offering insights for selecting the most suitable method for different applications.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Biljana Balabanova
creator: Verica Ilieva
creator: Sasa Mitrev
creator: Natasha Ristovska
creator: Blagoja Mukanov
creator: Viktorija Jankuloska
creator: Ilija Pop Stefanija
creator: Jovana Milosavljeva
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences
date: 2025-02-11
publication date: 2025-02-11
starting page: 15
ending page: 24
doi: 10.46763/JAPS2422215b

Journal Editor Board, Content and Editor Introduction
type: item
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
creator: Liljana Koleva Gudeva
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences
date: 2025-01-27
publication date: 2025-01-27

REMOTE MANAGEMENT IN SYSTEMS FOR IRRIGATION OF SOLAR ENERGY BUNARIES IN THE VITICULTURE
type: item
description: The cultivation of the vine by the people has been dated for centuries or thousands of years, yet the progress of knowledge in the cultivation of the vine has grown enormously over the last fifty years. Mass production with high-grade grape varieties, wine and table, thick planting, the use of fertilizers, the application of irrigation, and the acquisition of high yields, contributed to the intensification of conditions for disease development, harmful insects and weed development. For that purpose, mobile solar aggregates are very suitable today for agriculture (viticulture, fruit growing, crop production, gardening, animal husbandry, etc.), especially in those locations where there is no possibility of availability of power supply, but also in cases where we have organic food production, because they satisfy even the most stringent environmental standards. More recently today, the world is working on the intensive development and application of mobile solar generators that include solar tracking systems and they find application in agriculture.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Dimitar Angelkov
creator: Violeta Dimovska
creator: Efremco Nikolov
creator: Fidanka Ilieva
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences
date: 2023-08-10
publication date: 2023-08-10
starting page: 17
ending page: 30
doi: 10.46763/JAPS23211017a

INTRODUCTION AND DETERMINATION OF NEW TOMATO HYBRIDS
type: item
description: The determination of the organoleptic characteristics in tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. is a significant part in the basic needs and requirements of the market, but also in increasing the export potential. The aim of the research is the selection of new red tomato hybrids Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. According to their organoleptic, morphological and sensory characteristics, for possible commercialization. In the research, 23 coded new indeterminate hybrids of red tomato were analyzed and compared with 5 already present commercial hybrids (Brave F1, Adriatik F1, Matissimo F1, Alamina RZ F1, Signora F1). The tomato was produced from seedlings by a registered nursery grower Agro Koni, and it was planted in sheltered areas at a grower in Tirana, R. Albania. The properties that were examined: type of tomato (1 late / 5 early), plant strength (1 weak / 5 strong), length of internodes (1 long / 5 short), fruit quality (1 bad / 5 excellent), size of fruit (1 small/ 5 large), as well as fruit color, fertility potential (yield), as well as overall evaluation of the plants in a rank from 1 (bad) to 5 (excellent). The relationships between analyzed properties, descriptive and the variance's analysis provided an insight into those hybrids that satisfy the methodological requirements. Based on the results and determination of new hybrids with improved properties from the existing ones, the needs of the market and consumers are influenced. According to the genetic potential and phenotypic characteristics, 3 new hybrids (TME221276, TME220244 and TME220245) were determined, which satisfied the examined criteria, thus giving the opportunity to be included in the cluster of commercial hybrids on the market.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Daniela Todevska
creator: Sanja Kostadinovic Velickovska
creator: Igor Iljovski
creator: Biljana Kovacevik
creator: Fidanka Ilieva
creator: Marjan Crvenkovski
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences
date: 2024-08-19
publication date: 2024-08-19
starting page: 41
ending page: 45
doi: 10.46763/JAPS24221041t

ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG BARLEY VARIETIES WITH DIFFERENT ORIGIN USING SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEAT (SSR) MARKERS
type: item
description: Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the principal cereal crops in the world, because it’s used as raw material in beer production, animal feed and human consumption. The propose of this research was to determine the genetic diversity among barley genotypes developed in different counties using the SSR marker. As an experimental material were used twenty-one two row barley varieties with different origin. Three varieties and two promising lines were Macedonian, two varieties were Serbian, two varieties had Croatian origin and the other twelve varieties were developed in Bulgaria. Eighteen SSR markers were used to characterize the genetic diversity among the barley varieties and two of them had high polymorphisms (MGB402 and MGB318). The calculated polymorphism information content (PIC) values range from 0.163 to 0.574, which shows the importance of the markers for future diversity analysis of barley. Primer MGB318 showed the highest PIC and for MGB391 was obtained the lowest PIC. Using Unweight Pair Group Method, dendrogram tree was constructed and all studied genotypes were divided in three main groups, branched into sun-subgroup. These results can be useful for barley germplasm management and design of new crosses for future breeding propose. Key words: barley, simple sequence repeat, genetic diversity, polymorphism information content, varieties
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Natalija Markova Ruzdik
creator: Ljupco Mihajlov
creator: Verica Ilieva
creator: Sasa Mitrev
creator: Emilija Arsov
creator: Biljana Kovacevik
creator: Mite Ilievski
creator: Daniela Todevska
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences
date: 2024-08-19
publication date: 2024-08-19
starting page: 23
ending page: 31
doi: 10.46763/JAPS24221023mr

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF GREEN MOULD DISEASE AND MUSHROOM FLY USING BIOFUNGICIDE BACILLUS SUBTILIS CH-13 AND BOTANICAL INSECTICIDE AZADIRACHTIN (TECHNICAL SOLUTION)
type: item
description: The result of this study was accepted technical solution of disease/pest control of cultivated mushroom (Agaricus bisporus L.) based on biological pesticides (Biogenesis d.o.o., Serbia): microbial biofungicide Bacillus subtilis Ch-13 (Ekstrasol 1×108 CFU/cm3) and botanical bioinsecticide azadirachtin (Ozoneem trishul 1 %). Effectiveness of bio/pesticides in disease/pest control and impact on mushroom yield were evaluated in large and small-scale experiments. Efficacy of biofungicide in control of Trichoderma aggressivum Samuels and W. Gams (green mould disease) was evaluated in comparison with chemical fungicide prochloraz (2×1.5 mL). Biofungicide was applied in different procedures, in two (2×30 mL/m2), three (30 + 2×15 mL/m2), or six split doses (6×10 ml/m2). The highest statistically significant effectiveness in pathogen control was shown in three (53.57-58.43%) and six doses (63.05%), that could be recommended. Biofungicide significantly improved yield in all different procedures, compared with untreated control in small-scale experiements 6.11-12.12% and in large-scale 5.07-8.41%. The impact of the bioinsecticide azadirachtin (4 × 0.5 ml/m2) on the density of the mushroom fly Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour) (Sciaridae: Diptera) was compared to the effects of the chemical insecticide malathion (2×0.3 ml/m2). The average number of the mushroom fly adults on yellow sticky traps per each mushroom row was significantly lower in the test chamber in comparison with two controled chambers. The results of our study suggest that biofungicide Bacillus subtilis Ch-13 and bioinsectide azadirachtin may provide a good alternative to conventional chemicals. The study was funded by grant 451-03-47/2023-1/200214 of the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation, Republic of Serbia.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Ivana Potočnik
creator: Tanja Drobnjaković
creator: Svetlana Milijašević-Marčić
creator: Jelena Luković
creator: Miloš Stepanović
creator: Dejan Marčić
creator: Emil Rekanović
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences
date: 2024-08-19
publication date: 2024-08-19
starting page: 33
ending page: 40
doi: 10.46763/JAPS24221033p

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MADŽUN (grape molasses) PRODUCED FROM VRANEC GRAPE VARIETY BY TRADITIONAL AND INDUSTRIAL TECHNIQUES
type: item
description: Grape molasses is one of the most popular and traditional food in North Macedonia, mostly used in the past decades. Mainly it’s produced using a traditional protocol (technique) of preparing the molasses, commonly known as "Maǆun". The present study summarizes data for characterization of some physical and chemical properties of grape molasses (Maǆun) from Vranec grape variety. Comparative analyses have been conducted for samples produced using traditional (four samples) and industrial (one sample) techniques. The water-soluble dry mater contents of the samples were determined in the range from 61.67% to 75.17%. Total sugar contents of the grape molasses (Maǆun) samples were determined in the range from: 47.27%) to 72.42%. Furthermore, the content of sucrose in all samples was at low levels (<0.1%), which indicates that no sugar, additionally has been added in the production of grape molasses (Maǆun). The total phenols (gallic acid) were identified in five samples and significant differences were observed between samples. Sensory analysis of the samples was carried out by a committee consisting of 7 members. All committee members were females with long-term experience in sensory evaluation of plant-based foods. The following parameters were evaluated: color, smell, taste, sweetness, acidity, texture and aftertaste. Based on the sensory evaluation data, the highest score of 17.92 points (maximum referent declared value is 20 points) was obtained for V3 sample - the best grape molasses (Maǆun) produced using traditional technique.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Violeta Dimovska
creator: Fidanka Ilieva
creator: Emilija Arsov
creator: Aleksandar Piperevski
creator: Biljana Balabanova
creator: Biljana Vitanovska
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences
date: 2024-08-19
publication date: 2024-08-19
starting page: 15
ending page: 22
doi: 10.46763/JAPS24221015d

Journal Editor Board, Content and Editor Introduction
type: item
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
creator: Fidanka Trajkova
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences
date: 2024-08-19
publication date: 2024-08-19
starting page: 1
ending page: 7

THE PRESENCE OF Escherichia coli and Enterococcus IN THE WATER OF THE FIFTH CANAL AND BLACK RIVER NEAR BITOLA
type: item
description: Water is a natural resource necessary for all living organisms. In our research, the research material is water.As measuring points for sampling analysis are: measuring point 1 (Crna Reka near the village of Novaci), measuring point 2 (fifth channel exit of Bitola), measuring point 3 (fifth channel near the village of Kravari) measuring point 4 (fifth channel before flowing into the Crna Reka), measuring point 5 (Crna Reka before being mixed with water from the fifth channel), measuring point 6 (Crna Reka after mixing with water from the fifth channel) and measuring point 7 (Crna Reka near the village of Skocivir). In order to determine the quality of the water from sanitary-hygienic aspect, the following microbiological tests have been made: determining the number of Escherichia coli, with a membrane filtration method made according to the ISO 9308-1:2000 standard for water quality and determination of the number of Enterococcus with membrane filtration according to the ISO 7899-2:2000 standard. The number of types of microorganisms tested indicates an increase in the number of microorganisms in the channel (measuring point 2, 3 and 4) which, at the measuring point 6 (junction of Crna Reka with the channel), are transmitted in Crna Reka. And with that, not only the Crna Reka is getting polluted, but also the entire environment. All this indicates that the cleaning of the canal and the watercourse should become an obligation before the competent institutions but also the obligation of each individual is to protect his environment.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Tatjana Blazhevska
creator: Valentina Pavlova
creator: Vesna Knights
creator: Viktorija Stamatovska
creator: Mihajlo Sviderski
creator: Eleonora Delinikolova
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences
date: 2024-08-19
publication date: 2024-08-19
starting page: 9
ending page: 13
doi: 10.46763/JAPS2422109b

Journal Editor Board, Content and Editor Invited Introduction
type: item
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
creator: Liljana Koleva Gudeva
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences
date: 2024-01-09
publication date: 2024-01-09
starting page: 1
ending page: 8

SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF COLD PRESSED SUNFLOWER OIL WITH THE ADDITION OF AROMATIC HERBS
type: item
description: Cold pressed sunflower oil is an unrefined oil with great biological value and good sensory properties. Due to its chemical composition, this oil easily oxidizes, creating harmful products for human health. Various artificial and natural stabilizers are added to prevent oxidation. Essential oils or aromatic herbs are used as natural stabilizers, which also change the sensory properties of the oils. The oil analysed in this paper is cold pressed sunflower oil to which fresh aromatic herbs have been added, such as rosemary, garlic, parsley and mint. One aromatic herb is added to each bottle of oil, and one bottle of oil is without additives (control). The oils are stored for 6 weeks in the dark, and then the sensory characteristics of these oils are assessed through validated questionnaires and sensory tests. The following characteristics of the oils were determined through a series of hedonistic and visual tests: aroma, colour, clarity, taste, crunchiness, and chewiness. The aromatic herbs that are added do not affect the crispness and chewiness, but they do affect the smell, taste, colour, and clarity. The oil without additive and the oil with the addition of rosemary have the most acceptable smell and taste and the highest grades for colour and clarity. Apart from these two oils (without additive and with the addition of rosemary), there is also the oil with the addition of garlic.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Katerina Temelkovska
creator: Gorica Pavlovska
creator: Valentina Pavlova
creator: Viktorija Stamatovska
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences
date: 2024-01-09
publication date: 2024-01-09
starting page: 79
ending page: 88
doi: 10.46763/JAPS23212079t

OLEOGELS – AN ALTERNATIVE TO REPLACE ANIMAL FATS IN MEAT PRODUCTS
type: item
description: The changes in lifestyle of modern consumers have increased demand for healthier meat products. Animal fat, which is an integral part of meat products, is directly related to the occurrence of chronic diseases and overweight. Polyunsaturated vegetable oils are healthier for human consumption, but their liquid consistency can pose a problem when directly applied in the technological process. Application of oleogels, obtained with innovative technology for gelling vegetable oils using gelators, is a new approach to create healthier meat products with an improved fatty acid profile. This paper aims to review the different approaches for obtaining oleogels and the latest trends for their use in meat products.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Tanja Stojanovska
creator: Tatjana Kalevska
creator: Daniela Nikolovska Nedelkoska
creator: Eleonora Delinikolova
creator: Durim Alija
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences
date: 2024-01-09
publication date: 2024-01-09
starting page: 71
ending page: 78
doi: 10.46763/JAPS23212071s

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOME AUTOCHTHONOUS FRUIT SPECIES FROM MACEDONIA
type: item
description: The scope of this paper is determination of the content of soluble dry matters, total sugar, total acids, invert sugar and citric, malic, tartaric and lactic acid in some autochthonous fruit species: pomegranate (Zumnarija, Bejnarija, Valandovska kisela, Valandovska kiselo-slatka, Hidjas, Kisela, Lifanka, Ropkavec), apple (Ubavo cvetka, Shareno blago, Prespanka, Tetovka, Karapasha, Kozharka, Bela Tetovka) and cherry (Ohridska brza, Ohridska rana, Ohridska crna, Dolga shishka, Dalbazlija, Ohridska bela). Comparative studies were performed in relation to the standard varieties (Karamustafa-pomegranate, Idared-apple and Bigaro burlat-cherry). Pomegranate fruits have the highest content of soluble dry matters (15.6%), total sugars (149.24 g/L) and total acids (20.11 g/L). The highest content of invert sugar was observed in pomegranate (113.94 g/L which means 76.3% of total sugar). In apple and cherry fruits, malic acid dominates (above 5 g/L), while in pomegranate fruits, citric and malic acids are almost equally represented. Tartaric acid is present only in apple fruits (0.383 g/L). Lactic acid was not found in all fruit species. A strong positive correlation was found between soluble dry matter and total sugar (R2 is about 60%). A moderate positive correlation exists between the contents of total and invert sugar (R2 is about 20%), between total acids and invert sugar (R2 is about 22%) and between the content of malic and citric acid (R2 is about 30%). A high negative correlation was found between the content of total acid and malic acid (R2 is about 37%) and between malic acid and invert sugar (R2 shows 77%).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Ana Selamovska
creator: Milena Taseska-Gjorgjijevski
creator: Aleksandar Markovski
creator: Biljana Korunoska
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences
date: 2024-01-09
publication date: 2024-01-09
starting page: 63
ending page: 70
doi: 10.46763/JAPS23212063s