Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences

Journal Editor Board, Content and Editor Introduction

Fidanka Trajkova — 2024-08-19

THE PRESENCE OF Escherichia coli and Enterococcus IN THE WATER OF THE FIFTH CANAL AND BLACK RIVER NEAR BITOLA

Tatjana Blazhevska — 2024-08-19

Water is a natural resource necessary for all living organisms. In our research, the research material is water.As measuring points for sampling analysis are: measuring point 1 (Crna Reka near the village of Novaci), measuring point 2 (fifth channel exit of Bitola), measuring point 3 (fifth channel near the village of Kravari) measuring point 4 (fifth channel before flowing into the Crna Reka), measuring point 5 (Crna Reka before being mixed with water from the fifth channel), measuring point 6 (Crna Reka after mixing with water from the fifth channel) and measuring point 7 (Crna Reka near the village of Skocivir). In order to determine the quality of the water from sanitary-hygienic aspect, the following microbiological tests have been made: determining the number of Escherichia coli, with a membrane filtration method made according to the ISO 9308-1:2000 standard for water quality and determination of the number of Enterococcus with membrane filtration according to the ISO 7899-2:2000 standard.

The number of types of microorganisms tested indicates an increase in the number of microorganisms in the channel (measuring point 2, 3 and 4) which, at the measuring point 6 (junction of Crna Reka with the channel), are transmitted in Crna Reka. And with that, not only the Crna Reka is getting polluted, but also the entire environment.

All this indicates that the cleaning of the canal and the watercourse should become an obligation before the competent institutions but also the obligation of each individual is to protect his environment.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MADŽUN (grape molasses) PRODUCED FROM VRANEC GRAPE VARIETY BY TRADITIONAL AND INDUSTRIAL TECHNIQUES

Violeta Dimovska — 2024-08-19

Grape molasses is one of the most popular and traditional food in North Macedonia, mostly used in the past decades. Mainly it’s produced using a traditional protocol (technique) of preparing the molasses, commonly known as "Maǆun". The present study summarizes data for characterization of some physical and chemical properties of grape molasses (Maǆun) from Vranec grape variety. Comparative analyses have been conducted for samples produced using traditional (four samples) and industrial (one sample) techniques. The water-soluble dry mater contents of the samples were determined in the range from 61.67% to 75.17%. Total sugar contents of the grape molasses (Maǆun) samples were determined in the range from: 47.27%) to 72.42%. Furthermore, the content of sucrose in all samples was at low levels (<0.1%), which indicates that no sugar, additionally has been added in the production of grape molasses (Maǆun). The total phenols (gallic acid) were identified in five samples and significant differences were observed between samples. Sensory analysis of the samples was carried out by a committee consisting of 7 members. All committee members were females with long-term experience in sensory evaluation of plant-based foods. The following parameters were evaluated: color, smell, taste, sweetness, acidity, texture and aftertaste. Based on the sensory evaluation data, the highest score of 17.92 points (maximum referent declared value is 20 points) was obtained for V3 sample - the best grape molasses (Maǆun) produced using traditional technique.

ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG BARLEY VARIETIES WITH DIFFERENT ORIGIN USING SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEAT (SSR) MARKERS

Natalija Markova Ruzdik — 2024-08-19

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the principal cereal crops in the world, because it’s used as raw material in beer production, animal feed and human consumption. The propose of this research was to determine the genetic diversity among barley genotypes developed in different counties using the SSR marker. As an experimental material were used twenty-one two row barley varieties with different origin. Three varieties and two promising lines were Macedonian, two varieties were Serbian, two varieties had Croatian origin and the other twelve varieties were developed in Bulgaria. Eighteen SSR markers were used to characterize the genetic diversity among the barley varieties and two of them had high polymorphisms (MGB402 and MGB318). The calculated polymorphism information content (PIC) values range from 0.163 to 0.574, which shows the importance of the markers for future diversity analysis of barley. Primer MGB318 showed the highest PIC and for MGB391 was obtained the lowest PIC. Using Unweight Pair Group Method, dendrogram tree was constructed and all studied genotypes were divided in three main groups, branched into sun-subgroup. These results can be useful for barley germplasm management and design of new crosses for future breeding propose.

Key words: barley, simple sequence repeat, genetic diversity, polymorphism information content, varieties

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF GREEN MOULD DISEASE AND MUSHROOM FLY USING BIOFUNGICIDE BACILLUS SUBTILIS CH-13 AND BOTANICAL INSECTICIDE AZADIRACHTIN (TECHNICAL SOLUTION)

Ivana Potočnik — 2024-08-19

The result of this study was accepted technical solution of disease/pest control of cultivated mushroom (Agaricus bisporus L.) based on biological pesticides (Biogenesis d.o.o., Serbia): microbial biofungicide Bacillus subtilis Ch-13 (Ekstrasol 1×10⁸ CFU/cm³) and botanical bioinsecticide azadirachtin (Ozoneem trishul 1 %). Effectiveness of bio/pesticides in disease/pest control and impact on mushroom yield were evaluated in large and small-scale experiments. Efficacy of biofungicide in control of Trichoderma aggressivum Samuels and W. Gams (green mould disease) was evaluated in comparison with chemical fungicide prochloraz (2×1.5 mL). Biofungicide was applied in different procedures, in two (2×30 mL/m²), three (30 + 2×15 mL/m²), or six split doses (6×10 ml/m²). The highest statistically significant effectiveness in pathogen control was shown in three (53.57-58.43%) and six doses (63.05%), that could be recommended. Biofungicide significantly improved yield in all different procedures, compared with untreated control in small-scale experiements 6.11-12.12% and in large-scale 5.07-8.41%. The impact of the bioinsecticide azadirachtin (4 × 0.5 ml/m²) on the density of the mushroom fly Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour) (Sciaridae: Diptera) was compared to the effects of the chemical insecticide malathion (2×0.3 ml/m²). The average number of the mushroom fly adults on yellow sticky traps per each mushroom row was significantly lower in the test chamber in comparison with two controled chambers. The results of our study suggest that biofungicide Bacillus subtilis Ch-13 and bioinsectide azadirachtin may provide a good alternative to conventional chemicals. The study was funded by grant 451-03-47/2023-1/200214 of the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation, Republic of Serbia.

INTRODUCTION AND DETERMINATION OF NEW TOMATO HYBRIDS

Daniela Todevska — 2024-08-19

The determination of the organoleptic characteristics in tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. is a significant part in the basic needs and requirements of the market, but also in increasing the export potential. The aim of the research is the selection of new red tomato hybrids Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. According to their organoleptic, morphological and sensory characteristics, for possible commercialization. In the research, 23 coded new indeterminate hybrids of red tomato were analyzed and compared with 5 already present commercial hybrids (Brave F1, Adriatik F1, Matissimo F1, Alamina RZ F1, Signora F1). The tomato was produced from seedlings by a registered nursery grower Agro Koni, and it was planted in sheltered areas at a grower in Tirana, R. Albania. The properties that were examined: type of tomato (1 late / 5 early), plant strength (1 weak / 5 strong), length of internodes (1 long / 5 short), fruit quality (1 bad / 5 excellent), size of fruit (1 small/ 5 large), as well as fruit color, fertility potential (yield), as well as overall evaluation of the plants in a rank from 1 (bad) to 5 (excellent). The relationships between analyzed properties, descriptive and the variance's analysis provided an insight into those hybrids that satisfy the methodological requirements. Based on the results and determination of new hybrids with improved properties from the existing ones, the needs of the market and consumers are influenced. According to the genetic potential and phenotypic characteristics, 3 new hybrids (TME221276, TME220244 and TME220245) were determined, which satisfied the examined criteria, thus giving the opportunity to be included in the cluster of commercial hybrids on the market.