The Structure of the Big Magnetic Storms
Abstract
The records of geomagnetic activity during Solar Cycles 22 and 23 (which occurred from 1986 to 2006) indicate several extremely intensive A-class geomagnetic storms. These were storms classified in the category of the Big Magnetic Storms. In a year of maximum solar activity during Solar Cycle 23, or more precisely, during a phase designated as a post-maximum phase in solar activity (PPM – Phase Post maximum), near the autumn equinox, on 29, October 2003, an extremely strong and intensive magnetic storm was recorded. In the first half of November 2004 (7, November 2004) an intensive magnetic storm was recorded (the Class Big Magnetic Storm). The level of geomagnetic field variations which were recorded for the selected Big Magnetic Storms, was ΔDst > 350 nT. For the Big Magnetic Storms the indicated three-hour interval indices geomagnetic activity was Kp = 9. This study presents the spectral composition of the Di – variations which were recorded during magnetic storms in October 2003 and November 2004.Downloads
References
Akasofu S.-I. and Chapman S., 1972: Solar – Terrestrial Physics, Chapter V–VIII; Oxford University.
Akasofu S. -I. and Chapman S., 1961: A Study of magnetic Storms and Auroras; Scientific Report No. 7.; Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska; March 1961.
Bartels J., 1963: Discussion of Time-Variations of Geomagnetic Activity, Indices Kp and Ap, 1932–1961, Extrait des Annales de Geophisyque; Tome 19, No. 1. Janvier-Mars.
Cander R. Lj. and Mihajlovic J. S., 1998: Forecasting ionospheric structure during the great geomagnetic storms; J. Geophys. Res., 103, A1, 391–398, January 1.
Cander Ljiljana R. and Spomenko J. Mihajlovic, 2005: Ionospheric spatial and temporal variations during the 29–31 October 2003 storm; Journal of Atmospheric and Solar- Terrestrial Physics, 67, 1118–1128; Elsevier Ltd.
Mihajlović Spomenko J., 1996a: "Morfologija varijacija geomagnetskog polja registrovanih na geomagnetskoj opservatoriji Grocka u periodu 1958-1990. godine" – Monografija, Izdanja Geomagnetskog instituta Grocka, pp. 1-63; Beograd, 1996.
Mihajlović Spomenko J., 1996b: "Morfologija geomagnetskih bura registrovanih na opservatorijama Jugoistočne Evrope",
Doktorska disertacija, pp. 1-107, Beograd, 1996.
Mihajlović J. S; Rašić M., 2000: Solarno-geofizički procesi i geomagnetski poremećaji, 10. Kongres fizičara
Jugoslavije; Zbornik radova, Knjiga II; pp. 913–920.; Jugoslovensko Društvo Fizičara; Beograd.
Sugiura M. and Chapman S. 1960: The average morfology of geomagnetic storms with sudden commencement, Abb.
Akadem. Wissensch. Gottingen; Math-Physik; KI.; Sond 4. Gottingen.
Sugiura M., 1961: A Study of the Morfology of Magnetic Storms, Final Report, Geophysical Institute of the
University of Alaska; October 1961.
Tang F., Tsurutani B.T. et al. 1994: Solar Sources of Interplanetary Southward BZ Events Responsible for Major Magnetic Storms (1978–1979), JGR; 94, A4, 3535–3541, April 1.
Tsunomura S. et al. 1999a: A study of geomagnetic storm on the basis of magnetic observations in the Japanese chain
observatories, Memories of the Kakioka magnetic observatory, vol. 27, pp. 1–105, Japan.
Tsurutani B. T. et al. 1998: Magnetic Storms, Geophysical Monograph, Series 98, American Geophysical Union
(AGU); Washington, DC, USA.
Tsurutani B. T. and Suess S. T. (editors), 1998: From the Sun: Auroras, Magnetic Storms, Solar Flares, Cosmic Rays;
Copyright 1998 by the American Geophysical Union; Washington, DC, USA.
Tsurutani B. T., Gonzales W. D., et al. 2004a: Properties of slow magnetic clouds; JASTP, 66, 2, January, pp 147–151,
Published in Association with U.R.S.I., Elsevier Ltd.
Tsurutani B. T., Gonzales W. D., et al. 2004b: Prediction of peak – Dst from halo CME/magnetic cloud-speed
observations, JASTP, 66, 2, January, pp 161–165, Published in Association with U.R.S.I.; Elsevier Ltd.
Villante V.; Villante U.; et al. 1990: The strong geomagnetic storms of March 13, 1989, Analysis at a low latitude
station, Annales Geophysical, 8, 337–342.
Yago K.; Kamide Y., 2003: Use of lognormal distributions in Dst variations for space weather forecast, Space Weather,
, 1, 1004, Winter, AGU.
The Data Sources
Solar Influences Data Analysis, Sunspot bulletin, 2004, No. 11, Monthly Summary of Solar and Geomagnetic Activity.
Solar Influences Data Analysis, Sunspot Bulletin, 2003, No. 10, Monthly Summary of Solar and Geomagnetic Activity.
ISGI Publications, Office Monthly Bulletin, No. 3–10, October, 2003; No. 4–11, November, 2004.
www.sidc.be, April 2007.
