ANALYTICAL ESTIMATION OF OPTIMAL PV PANEL TILT BASED  ON CLEAR-SKY IRRADIANCE MODEL

Elena  Golubovska; Biljana  Citkuseva Dimitrovska; Roman  Golubovski

Elena Golubovska Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, University Ss. Cyril and Methodious Skopje, North Macedonia
Biljana Citkuseva Dimitrovska Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Goce Delcev University, Krste Misirkov 10A, 2000 Stip, North Macedonia
Roman Golubovski Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University Ss. Cyril and Methodious, Skopje, North Macedonia

Keywords: PV panel tilt, optimal PV panel inclination, PV conversion efficiency, sun position model, clear-sky solar, irradiance model

Abstract

PV panel tilt and sun tracking are crucial aspect for PV conversion efficiency. We propose an analytical
methodology for estimation of optimal PV panel tilt based on calculation of the sun position and application of a
clear-sky solar irradiance model. Our model outputs three angles referencing a geolocation and the moment of
interest: the incidence angle θ, the sun altitude α and the sun azimuth z. The irradiance model estimates the solar
irradiation at a geolocation that can be used for PV conversion estimation based on specified tilt β. The moment
PV power is used for calculation of the daily energy production, and the optimal β is identified in the tilt range of
0° to 90°. Seasonal division of the year is performed, and optimal seasonal tilt is estimated based on the maximal
produced seasonal energy tested with every corresponding β. The methodology is tested on four typical seasonal
models - 12 months, 4 three-month quarters, 2 half-year seasons and single optimal annual fixed β. Preliminary
simulations produce promising results consistent with the practical engineering implementations.

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