APOLOGY FORMULAS IN GERMAN LANGUAGE TEXTBOOKS

Abstract

Abstract: The study examines the frequency and variety of apology formulas in six German language textbooks (A1–B1) for primary and secondary education in North Macedonia. All occurrences of these formulas were excerpted to analyze their usage and development across grade levels. The results show an increase in variety and complexity of these formulas in higher grades, but with uneven distribution, indicating a need for more diverse and systematically organized teaching materials to enhance communicative skills.
Keywords: communicative phraseology, apology formulas, textbooks, German
language, primary education, secondary education