USING BBCH SCALE AND GROWING DEGREE DAYS TO IDENTIFY THE GROWTH STAGES OF WINTER OILSEED RAPE GENOTYPES IN THE SKOPJE REGION
Abstract
Identifying the growth stages on oilseed rape accurately is essential for effective crop management. Two commonly used methods for identifying growth stages are growing degree days (GDD) and BBCH scale, by measuring the heat accumulation on daily temperatures and describes the growth stages of plants. The main goal of this research is using a combination of these methods, where can identify the growth stages in production period. The three-year field experiments 2015/16 - 2017/18 were located in the Skopje Region, with two genotypes in 30 variants and 4 replications. Sowing was on October 1, with 8 kg ha-1 seeding rate. BBCH scale for oilseed rape was used to register the stages of development. Growing degree days - GDD were determined by the formula with corrections for Tmax and Tmin values calculated. Germination (09 BBCH), was 7 days in the first and third year and 79 0C - 65 0C GDD and 8 days in the second year - 65 0C GDD. The flowering (63 BBCH), begins at 202 days in the first, - 809 0C GDD, 199 days in the second year – 649 0C GDD, and 198 days third year with 633 0C GDD. Senescence (BBCH 97), began on days 254, with accumulate 1530 0C GDD, days 258 – 1577 0C GDD, and days 265 with 1542 0C GDD in 3, 1 and 2 years. All data obtained from the research are aimed at meeting the needs of producers and researchers related to rapeseed production in order to ensure optimal production.
References
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Beck, H.E., N.E. Zimmermann, T.R. McVicar, N. Vergopolan, A. Berg, E.F. (2018). Wood Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1 km resolution, doi:10.1038/sdata.2018.214
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Böttcher, U., Rampin, E., Hartmann, K., Zanetti, F., Flenet, F., Morison, M., Kage, H. (2016). Aphenological model of winter oilseed rape according to the BBCH scale. Crop. Pasture Sci., 67, 345–358, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301573173
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Deligios, P.A., Farci, R., Sulas, L., Hoogenboom, G., Ledda, L. (2013). Predicting growth and yield of winter rapeseedin a Mediterranean environment: Model adaptation at a field scale. Field Crops Res. 144, 100 -112, www.academia.edu/14339 945/
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Djaman, K., O’Neill, M., Owen, C., Smeal, D., West, M., Begay, D., Angadi, V.S., Koudahe, K., Allen, S., Lombard, K. (2018). Seed yield and water productivity of irrigated winter canola (Brassica napus L.) under semiarid climate and high elevation. Agronomy 8 (6), 90, 1-14, https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/8/6/ 90/pdf
Ehrensing, D.T. (2008). Canola. Oregon State University Extension Services-EM 8955-E.. https://catalog.extension.oregonstate.edu/em8955
Ferguson, T. B. (2015). Spring Nitrogen and Cultivar Effects on Winter Canola (Brassica napus L.) Production inWestern Oregon, https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu
Филиповски, Ѓ., Ризовски, Р., Ристевски, П. (1996). Карактеристики на климатско-почвените зони (региони) во Република Македонија, Македонска академија на науките и уметностите МАНУ. ISBN: 9989-649-19-7
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Gordon, R. Boostma, A. (1993). Analyses of growing degree-days for agriculture in Atlantic Canada. Climate Research, 3: 169-179.
Iljovski, I. (2012). Meaning and application of artificial lighting in protected areas in vegetable and flower production, master thesis. UKIM, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Skopje.
Lääniste, Peeter., Jõudu, J., Eremeev, V., Mäeorg, E. (2007). Sowing date influence on winter oilseеd rape overwintering in Estonia. Acta Agricolturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science, 57: 342-348
Martinez-Feria, R. A., (2015). Suitability of winter canola (Brassica napus) for enhancing summer annual crop rotations in Iowa. Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 14637. https://lib.dr.iastate .edu/etd/14637
Miller, P., Lanier, W., Brandt, S., (2018). Using Growing Degree Days to Predict Plant Stages, Reprinted 7/18,Montana State University, www.msuextension.org,http://landresource s.montana. edu/soilfertility/ documents/PDF/pub/GDDPlantStages MT200103AG.pdf
Mustapić, Z. (1982). Reakcija novih sorata uljane repice na količine i oblik dušika. Disertacija, Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb.
Nanda, R., Bhargava, S.C., Tomar, D.P.S., Rawson, H.M. (1995). Phenological development of Brassica campestris,Brassica juncea, Brassica napus and Brassica carinata grown in controlled environments and from 14 sowingdates in the field. Field Crops Res., 46, 93–103, https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/229209259
Robelin, M., Triboi, A.M. (1983). Assimilation netted’une culture de colza d’hiver au cours du cycle de vegetationsous l’influence de l’environment climatique de la densite du peuplementet de la fertilization azotee. In Proceedings of the 6th International Rapeseed Conference, Paris, France, 17-19 May; pp. 98-103.http://gcirc.org/fileadmin /documents/Proceedings/IRC1983vol1/83Physio logy/CO83%20%20page%2098.pdf
Sierts, H.P., Geisler, G., Leon, J., Diepenbrock, W. (1987). Stability of yield components from winter oil-seed rape (Brassica napus L.). J. Agron. Crop. Sci. 158, 107–113.
Takashima, N.E.; Rondanini, D.P.; Puhl, L.E.; Miralles, D.L. (2013). Environmental factors afecting yield variabilityin spring and winter rapeseed genotypes cultivated in the southeastern Argentine Pampas. Eur. J. Agron., 48, 88–100, https://www.researchga te.net/publication /257505185
Vigil, M.F., Anderson, R.L., Beard, W.E. (1997). Base temperature and growing-degreehour requirements for emergence of canola. Crop Sci. 37(3): 844–849.
Weber and Bleiholder, 1990; Lancashire et al., 1991. Phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of oilseed rape, https://www.politicheagricole.it/flex/AppData/Web Live/Agrometeo/MIEPFY800/BBCHengl2001.pdf
Yang, C.; Gan, Y.; Harker, K.N.; Kutcher, H.R.; Gulden, R.; Irvine, B., May,W.E. (2014). Up to 32% yield increase withoptimized spatial patterns of canola plant establishment in western Canada. Agro. Sustain. Dev.34,793–801, www.researchgate.net/publication/ 271662439
Weymann, W., Böttcher, U., Sieling, K., Kage, H. (2015). Efects of weather conditions during diferent growth phaseson yield formation of winter oilseed rape. Field Crops Res., 173, 41-48.
Wittman, N. (2005). Straw management and agronomic practices for optimal productivity of winter and spring canola (Brassica napus L.), oriental mustard (Brassica juncea L.) and yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.) in the dryland regions of the Pacific Northwest.85-89
Balodis, O., Gaile, Z. (2016). Sowing date and rate e_ect on winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) yield components’ formation. Proc. Latv. Acad. Sci. Sect. B, 70, 384–392, https://www.researchgate.net /publication/314192920
Beck, H.E., N.E. Zimmermann, T.R. McVicar, N. Vergopolan, A. Berg, E.F. (2018). Wood Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1 km resolution, doi:10.1038/sdata.2018.214
Begna, H.S., Angadi, V.S. (2016). Effects of planting date on winter canola growth and yield in sothwestern U.S. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 7, 201-217, 10.4236/ajps.2016.71021, https://www.scirp.org/ pdf/AJPS_2016012816535291.pdf
Böttcher, U., Rampin, E., Hartmann, K., Zanetti, F., Flenet, F., Morison, M., Kage, H. (2016). Aphenological model of winter oilseed rape according to the BBCH scale. Crop. Pasture Sci., 67, 345–358, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301573173
Colnenne, C., Meynard, J.M., Reau, R., Justes, E., Merrien, A. (1998), Determination of a critical dilution curve forwinter oilseed rape. Ann. Bot. 81, 311–317, Annals of Botany 81: 311–317, 1998, https://academic.oup.com/aob/articlepdf/81/2/311/7983236/8103 11.pdf
Deligios, P.A., Farci, R., Sulas, L., Hoogenboom, G., Ledda, L. (2013). Predicting growth and yield of winter rapeseedin a Mediterranean environment: Model adaptation at a field scale. Field Crops Res. 144, 100 -112, www.academia.edu/14339 945/
Димов, З. (2014). Индустриски култури, Универзитет „Св. Кирил и Методиј“ во Скопје, Факултет за земјоделски науки и храна - Скопје.
Djaman, K., O’Neill, M., Owen, C., Smeal, D., West, M., Begay, D., Angadi, V.S., Koudahe, K., Allen, S., Lombard, K. (2018). Seed yield and water productivity of irrigated winter canola (Brassica napus L.) under semiarid climate and high elevation. Agronomy 8 (6), 90, 1-14, https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/8/6/ 90/pdf
Ehrensing, D.T. (2008). Canola. Oregon State University Extension Services-EM 8955-E.. https://catalog.extension.oregonstate.edu/em8955
Ferguson, T. B. (2015). Spring Nitrogen and Cultivar Effects on Winter Canola (Brassica napus L.) Production inWestern Oregon, https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu
Филиповски, Ѓ., Ризовски, Р., Ристевски, П. (1996). Карактеристики на климатско-почвените зони (региони) во Република Македонија, Македонска академија на науките и уметностите МАНУ. ISBN: 9989-649-19-7
Gabrielle, B., Denoroy, P., Gosse, G., Justes, E., Andersen, M.N. (1998). A model of leaf area development andsenescence of winter oilseed rape. Field Crops Res. 1998, 57, 209–222, https://s3.amazonaws. com/academia.edu.documents/46827420/
Gordon, R. Boostma, A. (1993). Analyses of growing degree-days for agriculture in Atlantic Canada. Climate Research, 3: 169-179.
Iljovski, I. (2012). Meaning and application of artificial lighting in protected areas in vegetable and flower production, master thesis. UKIM, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Skopje.
Lääniste, Peeter., Jõudu, J., Eremeev, V., Mäeorg, E. (2007). Sowing date influence on winter oilseеd rape overwintering in Estonia. Acta Agricolturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science, 57: 342-348
Martinez-Feria, R. A., (2015). Suitability of winter canola (Brassica napus) for enhancing summer annual crop rotations in Iowa. Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 14637. https://lib.dr.iastate .edu/etd/14637
Miller, P., Lanier, W., Brandt, S., (2018). Using Growing Degree Days to Predict Plant Stages, Reprinted 7/18,Montana State University, www.msuextension.org,http://landresource s.montana. edu/soilfertility/ documents/PDF/pub/GDDPlantStages MT200103AG.pdf
Mustapić, Z. (1982). Reakcija novih sorata uljane repice na količine i oblik dušika. Disertacija, Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb.
Nanda, R., Bhargava, S.C., Tomar, D.P.S., Rawson, H.M. (1995). Phenological development of Brassica campestris,Brassica juncea, Brassica napus and Brassica carinata grown in controlled environments and from 14 sowingdates in the field. Field Crops Res., 46, 93–103, https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/229209259
Robelin, M., Triboi, A.M. (1983). Assimilation netted’une culture de colza d’hiver au cours du cycle de vegetationsous l’influence de l’environment climatique de la densite du peuplementet de la fertilization azotee. In Proceedings of the 6th International Rapeseed Conference, Paris, France, 17-19 May; pp. 98-103.http://gcirc.org/fileadmin /documents/Proceedings/IRC1983vol1/83Physio logy/CO83%20%20page%2098.pdf
Sierts, H.P., Geisler, G., Leon, J., Diepenbrock, W. (1987). Stability of yield components from winter oil-seed rape (Brassica napus L.). J. Agron. Crop. Sci. 158, 107–113.
Takashima, N.E.; Rondanini, D.P.; Puhl, L.E.; Miralles, D.L. (2013). Environmental factors afecting yield variabilityin spring and winter rapeseed genotypes cultivated in the southeastern Argentine Pampas. Eur. J. Agron., 48, 88–100, https://www.researchga te.net/publication /257505185
Vigil, M.F., Anderson, R.L., Beard, W.E. (1997). Base temperature and growing-degreehour requirements for emergence of canola. Crop Sci. 37(3): 844–849.
Weber and Bleiholder, 1990; Lancashire et al., 1991. Phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of oilseed rape, https://www.politicheagricole.it/flex/AppData/Web Live/Agrometeo/MIEPFY800/BBCHengl2001.pdf
Yang, C.; Gan, Y.; Harker, K.N.; Kutcher, H.R.; Gulden, R.; Irvine, B., May,W.E. (2014). Up to 32% yield increase withoptimized spatial patterns of canola plant establishment in western Canada. Agro. Sustain. Dev.34,793–801, www.researchgate.net/publication/ 271662439
Weymann, W., Böttcher, U., Sieling, K., Kage, H. (2015). Efects of weather conditions during diferent growth phaseson yield formation of winter oilseed rape. Field Crops Res., 173, 41-48.
Wittman, N. (2005). Straw management and agronomic practices for optimal productivity of winter and spring canola (Brassica napus L.), oriental mustard (Brassica juncea L.) and yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.) in the dryland regions of the Pacific Northwest.85-89
Published
2023-08-10
Section
Articles
